642 



SCIENTIFIC RECORD FOR 1885. 



Physical Conditions Dependent upon Temperature. — The experiments of 

 French and of Eussian chemists in liquefaction of gases, and the ex- 

 traordinary temperatures obtained, excite so much interest that we here 

 transcribe a somewhat extended table of temperatures with attendant 

 phenomena. The table was compiled by Mr. J. J. Coleman, and pre- 

 sented by him to the Philosophical Society of Glasgow, March 18, 1885, 

 in connection with his paper on the "Liquefaction of Gases, and other 

 Effects of Extreme Cold." (See Chem. News, Li, 174.) 



Physical conditions dependent on temperature. 



Atmospheres. 



Critical point of water 



Critical point of sulphuric anhydride.. 



Critical point of chlorine 



Critical point of ammonia 



Critical point of sulphuretted hydrogen 



Critical i^oint of acetylene 



Critical point of nitrous oxide 



Critical point of carbon dioxide 



Critical point of ethylene 



195-5 

 78-9 

 83-9 



115 



92 

 68 



75 

 77 

 51 



Nitrous oxide boils at 32 atmospheres pressure . . . 

 Carbon dioxide boils at 36 atmospheres pressure.. 



Sulphur dioxide boils ^ 



do 



Methyl chloride boils 



Carbon dioxide boils at 19.38 atmospheres pressure. 



Sulphur dioxide boils in current dry air 



Carbon dioxide and oxygen, air and nitrogen 

 compressed to 300 atmospheres in glass tubes 

 and exx^anded suddenly show liquefaction. 



Alcohol containing 52 per cent, water freezes 



Chlorine boils 



Ammonia boils 



Commercial paraffin oil (sp. gr. 0.810) freezes 



Nitrous oxide boils at 8.71 atmospheres pressure.. 



Carbon dioxide boils at 11 atmospheres pressure.. 



Ethylene boils at 13.5 atmospheres pressure 



Holland gin and French brandy freeze 



Nitrous oxide boils at 5 atmospheres pressure 



Carbon tlioxi de boils at 6. 75 atmospheres pressure . . 



Ethylene boils at 9 atmospheres pressure , 



American petroleum (sp. gr. .790) freezes , 



Extra-strong whisky and rum freeze 



Alcohol containing 40 per cent, water freezes 



Sulphydric acid boils 



Nitrous oxide boils at 3 atmospheres pressure — 



Carbon dioxide boils at 3.75 atmospheres pressure . 



Ethylene boils at 6.5 atmospheres pressure 



Critical point of marsh gas, 56 atmospheres pres- 

 sure. 



Liquefied ammonia freezes 



Alcohol containing 20 per cent, water freezes ... 



Carbon dioxide boils 



Solid sulphurous anhydride melts . 

 Nitrous oxide boils 



Faraday. 



Do. 



Do. 

 Bunsen. 

 Regnault. 

 Faraday. 

 Pictet. 

 Cailletet. 



Pictet. 



Regnault. 



Bunsen. 



Coleman. 



Faraday. 



Do. 



Do. 

 Coleman. 

 Faraday. 



Do. 



Do. 

 Coleman. 



Do. 



Do. 

 Regnault. 

 Faraday. 



Do. 



Do. 

 Wroblewski. 



Coleman. 

 Faraday and 



Regnault. 

 Mitchell. 

 Faraday. 



