N. A. INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. 7^1 



eralized to more aud more specialized conditions and structures. The 

 primitive stocks, like the primitive Metazoa, the Porifera, were certainly 

 much more variable and unstable than the later and more comjilicated 

 forms, which are more stable and less susceptible of change. Thus, 

 when radical changes become necessary in order to sustain the life of 

 the species of a group, they die out as did the Ammonites, or decay as 

 did the Nautiloids, aud exhibit most clearly the stability they have ac- 

 quired as progressive forms in their inability to meet the requirements 

 of different modern conditions. 



James, J. F, — Fucoids of the Cincinnati Group. Jour. Cincinnati 8oc. 

 Nat. Hist, vol. vii, pp. 151-166, pis. vii', viii. eTanuary, 1885. Cin- 

 cinnati. 



Describes the new species Cruziana Carleyi, and finishes reviewing 

 the already described fossil alga? of the group. The author concludes 

 that there is not a single one entitled to remain in the class. They are 

 referred to three different sources: first, iuorganic causes; second, to 

 trails and burrows; third, and last, to the Hydrozoa. 



James, J. F. — Are there any Fossil Algse ? Amer. Nat., vol. xix, pp. 



1G5-167. February, 1885. Philadelphia. 



The author seems to consider that there are no fossil algae, and that 

 it is unreasonable to expect to find any. 



James, J. F. — Remarks on a supposed Fossil Fungus from the Coal 

 Measures. Jour. Cincinnati Sac. Nat. Hist, vol. viii, pp. 157-159. 

 October, 1885. Cincinnati. 



The author holds that Rhizomorplia sigillariw Lesquereux is not a 

 fungus, but the burrow left under the bark by the grub of some one of 

 the si)ecies of insects flourishing at the time of the deposition of the 

 coal, and refers to the burrows made by species of Scolytus under the 

 bark of species of hickory as possessing the same characteristics and 

 appearances as the fossil. 



James, J. F. — Remarks on some Markings on the Rocks of the Cincin- 

 nati Group, described under the names of Ormathicuus and ^Yalcot- 

 tia. Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat Hist., vol. viii, pp. 160-162. Octo- 

 ber, 1885. Cincinnati. 



The author considers that Ormatliicuus Miller is not the track made 

 by a Gasteropod, but was really made by a crinoid stem. The author 

 thinks this is shown conclusively by a specimen found near Cincinnati 

 by Mr. U. P. James containing a part of the crinoid stem which he con- 

 siders made the mark. The genus AValcottia Miller and Dyer, two of 

 whose species are considered as criuoid-stem impressions, aud the third 

 as probably a burrow, is " consigned to the limbo of the improbable." 



