892 



PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 



COPPER IMPLEMENTS FEOM BAYFIELD, WISC0:N^SIN. 



By Colo uel Charles Whittlesey, of Cleveland, Ohio. 



In grading the streets of Bayfield, Wis., about the year 1864, the 

 workmen found a copper implement in the gravel. The accompanying 

 ligure, one-half the natural size, will give some idea of the shape and 



character of the specimen (Figure 1). A 

 is an upright outline or elevation, with 

 the concave surface toward the rear. B 

 is a top view or plan of the implement 

 as seen from above, and a vertical or 

 longitudinal section througli the middle 

 at the dotted line c d. The irregular 

 space e e shows a flaw in the metal. 



Several have been found elsewhere in 

 the United States and Canada of about 

 the same outline, but generally the blade 

 or flat part is much larger in proportion 

 to the shank or socket. Where the two 

 parts are equal they are regarded as 

 spades. One described by Mr. Squier in 

 "Ancient Monuments," taken from a sepulchral deposit near Brookville, 

 Canada, is about 10 inches in length. It could be used in digging by 

 inserting a handle several feet in length, with a notch or ofTset for the 

 foot near the bottom. 



Those with the short bit may have been spades worn out by use. 

 Their edges are generally sharp, as though they had been used to cut 

 wood or some other hard substance. After they were well worn as 

 spades they could be turned into an adze by inserting a crotch, with 

 the plane of the blade at right angle with the plane of the handle, or 

 into an ax by making the i>lanes coincide. 



Found 7><t /S66 oTf Pri'sf/uc Jsl. one of iJte. ApostlA 

 Group ZioJic Superior'- on t/ia 6'ur/hce, 



ScctioTh' «/• 5. 3. 

 Section- ai a . a^. 



Copper lirii/e fro^/i Jift^/iA'JiZ. lV£scA?7Vsf7i: 



Figure 2 represents a copper knife (half-size) found on Presque Isle, 

 one of the Apostle Group of Lake Superior, in 186G. It was lying on 



