206 PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 



The United States i^atioual Museum possessed a flue collection of 

 ethnological material from uortheru California, gathered by Wilkes aud 

 later explorers down to the centennial work of Stepheu Powers (Cont. 

 to K. Am. Ethnol., III). lu order to bring- this material into shajie to 

 illustrate the whole life of the Klamath River tribes, Lieut. P. H. Eay, TJ. 

 S. Army, undertook while at Fort Oastou in 18S5 to collect material for 

 this supplementary work. Most of the pieces described in this paper 

 are from Lieutenant Ray's collection and bear testimony to the obliga- 

 tion the ethnologist uiay be under to an armj" officer who will thus oc- 

 cupy econouiically the leisure of post duties. 



Hoopa Valley Reservation, established in 1804 (Ind. Aff. Report, 

 1804, 18G5, 186G), is IG miles long and 12 miles wide. The valley con- 

 tains 1,200 acres of arable land, vvhich lies ou both sides of the Trinity 

 River 8 miles above its junction with the Klamath. 



This romantic spot is reached by two days of mule travel from Areata, 

 in Humboldt County, 40 miles away. The whole distance presents an 

 unchanging wildness of mountain scenery, varied with somber forests 

 of redtvood, and occasional patches of grazing land. 



In all this journey the traveler's communion with nature is little 

 interrupted with signs of human habitation until his eye rests ou Fort 

 Gaston, at the south side of Hoopa Valley. 



In the northern part of California, west of the Coast range, dwelt 

 formerly the following stocks of Indians, speaking languages so radically 

 different that philologists are unable to ascribe to these languages a 

 common origin. 



(1) The Pacific slope branch of the Athapascan or Tinnean stock, in 

 the extreme northwestern corner and far northward into Oregon. 



(2) Ehnikan, or Karok, between 123° west and Klamath River. 



(3) Shastian, 41^ to 43^ north, 122° to 123° west, in round numbers. 



(4) Weitspekau, or Yurok, around the lower Klamath. 



(5) ^Yeeyotan, or Wishoskan, on lower Eel Riv^er. 



(0) Kopean, or Wintun, west side of Sacramento River. 



Upon the Hoopa Reservation were placed by the Government, in 1864, 

 a number of bands scattered around Trinity River. To them were 

 added subsequently, the Redwoods, Seaws, Mad Rivers, and others 

 from the neighborhood. These bands have been at various times 

 named as follows (Spalding's Rept., 1870): 



Hoonsolton {Ath.) = Hunsating (Powers). 



Miscolt {Ath.) = Miskut (Powers). 



Sawmill (Perhaps Cernalton). 



Hostler {Ath.) = Hosier (Powers). 



Cernalton. 



Matilden {Ath.) = Mitilti (Powers). 



Kentuck {Ath.) = Alaakut. Niyaiiketeteui, Youtochetts: Yahnih- 

 kahs (Dorsey and Mooney). 



Redwood. 



