THE RAY COLLECTION FROM HUPA RESERVATION. 207 



Tishtangiitaug (A^-k) — Tisbtanatau ; Siaws (/U/t.) = Saiaz (Iiul. Aft". 

 Kept.); lliimboklt. 



The Indian Aftairs reports of the last ten years have given Hiuisa- 

 tung, lloopa, Klamatli River, Miskut, liedwood, Saiaz, Sermalton, 

 Tislitanatau. 



Mr. Powers : (Cont. to N. Am. Ethnology, Vol III, 73) enumerates 

 the Uunsatnng, Miskut, Hosier, Mitilti, Tishtanatan, Waykat, Chail- 

 kulkaituk, Chautakoda, Wissomanshuh, Miskeloitok, Hasslintung. 



Commencing with 1865, the population of this reservation has been 

 reported as follows : (5) G50 ; (G) 023 ; (7) 550 ; (S) 725 ; (9) 975 ; (1870) 



871; (I) 750; (2) 725; (3)725; (4) 6GG ; (5) 71G ; (G) ; (7)427; (8) 



427; (9)415; (1880)414; (1)480; (2)510; (3)508. 



Although a great majority of these bands belong to the Athapascan 

 stock their arts have been so long in the leading-strings of this salmon 

 prolific, acorn and redwood abounding regioi^, that in houses, dress, 

 implements, and products of industry they do not ditt'er from their im- 

 mediate neighbors. Lieutenant Ray gathered his specimens from the 

 Natano (Tishtanatan) and Kenuck (Klamath Rivers), both assigned by 

 Mr. Dorsey and Mr. Mooney to the Athapascan or Tinnean linguistic 

 stock. 



The Hupa of former times are said by Mr. Powers : (Cont. N. Am. Eth- 

 nology, III, 72) to have been the finest race in all that region next after 

 the Karok on the lower Klamath, whom they excel in statecraft. " They 

 were the Romans of northern California in valor and the French in lan- 

 guage. They hold in a state of semi- vassalage (I speak always of abo- 

 riginal acts) most of the tribes around them, except their two powerful 

 neighbors on the Klamath, exacting from them annual tribute in the 

 shape of j^eltry and shell money, and they compel all their tributaries 

 to this day, to the number of about a half dozen, to speak Hupa in com- 

 munication witli them. 



"Although they originally occupied only about 20 miles of the lower 

 Trinity, their authority was eventually acknowledged about 60 miles 

 along that stream, on South Fork, on New River, on Redwood Creek, 

 on a good portion of Mad River, and Van Dusen's Fork; and there is 

 gooil reason to believe that their name was scarcely less dreaded on 

 lower Eel River, if they <lid not actually saddle the tribes of that val- 

 ley with their idiom." This language applies to the Hupas before the 

 mad hunger for gold had peopled California with human wolves. It is 

 a startling but eloquent commentary upon their treatment and education 

 to read later on: " The Hupas are not to-day any more enlightened, ad- 

 vanced, progressive, industrious, or better oft" in any way than they 

 were when the reservation was established about twenty years ago." 

 (lud. Aft". Rep., 1881, G.) 



HABITATIONS AND WOOD AVORKING. 



The hills skirting the Trinity and Klamath Rivers, are covered with 

 redwood trees, most grateful wood to savage artisans. Their soft trunks 



