210 PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 



them, aud sent an example to the National Museum in 187G. (Cout. to 

 K Am. Ethuol., Ill, 74). 



Another article of furniture in this meagerly-furnished household is the 

 low stool of wood in form of a truncated cone, 11 inches wide and 3 

 inciies high (Fig'. 0). There are no tables, neither cari)ets nor hangings, 

 except as the well-tanned buck-skins and pelts on floor and wall ijerform 

 the functions of tapestry and curtains. 



DRESS AND ADORNMENT. 



The native dressfor ever^^-day wear among the northern California!! In- 

 dians was formerly very meager and little varied (l*o\vers, Cont. N. A. 

 Ethnol., Ill, Figs. 3, 3, 5, 6, 8, 23, 28, 30, 31). For the body, the lobe of 

 tanned deer-skin or of pelts sewed together (Fig. 7) sufficed for both 

 sexes. Among Lieuten ant Kay's collection is a man's cloak of deer-skin, 

 made of two hides of young deer sewed together, or rather each side 

 consists of three-fourths of a skin so united that the two tails hang down 

 below and the two necks extend around the shoulders of the wearer, 

 fastening in front. 



The ordinary head covering for the men was formerly a hood of skin 

 or leather ornamented, but the women wore the daintiest cap in the 

 world, a hemispherical bowl of basketry made of a tough fiber twined 

 with the greatest nicety aud embroidered in black, brown, and yellow. 

 (Plates I, II, III, Figs. 8-25.) The body weaving is done with the brown 

 fiber, showing on the inside and occasionally on the outside in narrow 

 bands, figures, and diaper work. Most of the outer side is ornamented 

 by overlaying each strand of the brown with a strip of tough grass in 

 natural color or dyed, or with a strip of the black stalk of the maiden- 

 hair fern. In twining her weft, the savage weaver managed to keep 

 these colored grass strips outward, although she would for variety occa- 

 sionally hide the grass and reveal the body brown. The patterns are 

 produced by a never-recurring variety of fillets, bauds, triangles, and 

 parallelograms which please the eye by their form and color, but which 

 are the easiest of all to produce, requiring only careful attention to 

 counting stitches. 



The shoes of the Hupas and of the other Indians of this region are 

 made high like gaiters and are cut from a single piece of buckskin 

 (Plate IV, Figs. 2G-31) sewed up at the back rather carelessly by a buck- 

 r.kin cord as in basting. Down the instep a curious seam is formed as 

 follows (Fig, 20) : The two edges of the leather are slightly split, they 

 are then brought together as in joining the edges of a carpet. A loose 

 cord of sinew is laid along the two edges and a whipped stitching of 

 sinew made to join the two inner margins of the edges of the buckskin, 

 inclosing at the same time tlie loose cord of sinew. 



When the shoe is rounded out, tlie two outer margins of the leather 

 come together on the outside of the shoe and conceal the sewing alto- 

 gether. A coarse sandal of the thick portion of the elk-hide or of twined 



