THE RAY COLLECTION FROM IIUPA RESERVATION. 211 



matting: is woru by some tribes {Fig. 30), and also a nicely woven leg- 

 ging of soft basketry (Fig. 31). The latter, however, belong to fall or 

 ceremonial dress. 



The ceremonial costnme of all the Indians in the region nnder consid- 

 eration is most elaborate, free nse being made of i)elts, bnckskins, and 

 paint, and of feathers especially. A few ijieces of costume gathered 

 by Lieutenant Eay will be described in detail. 



Hats of elk-skin, tanned and painted, are made in the following man- 

 ner (Fig. 32) : A strip of elk-skin about 7 inches wide is cut in shape of 

 a right trapezoid, measuring 19 inches along the upper edge and 22 

 inches along the lower. The two ends are sewed together with two- 

 ply sinew thread by a row of blind stitches, visible on the inside and 

 not on the outside of the hat. The body of the hat is painted red. 

 Four panels or cartouches are bounded by blue lines, from which ex- 

 tend inwardly points and wavy lines. The interior of the spaces is 

 in white pipe-clay. A tall goose-feather plume arises in front^ and a 

 pendant owl feather hangs behind. The strings are of calico rag. 

 iSnch hats are worn by young men at a dance which is given when 

 they attain the age of 20 years, at which the}' are admitted to the coun- 

 cils of the bauds. 



Head bands of soft deer skin are worn, Idt^- by 5 inches, ingeniously 

 ornamented with rows of difiereut material recalling certain types of 

 Eskimo embroidery. (Fig. 33.) Along the bottom will be a stripe 1 

 inch wide formed of deer-skin with the hair on, pointed upwards, and 

 shorn straight above. Over this may be a broad stripe 3^ inches wide 

 formed by many breasts of blue jays. This, too, is succeeded by another 

 band, perhaps of deer-skin. Further up a stripe formed of black and 

 white triangle alternating, the former of feathers, the latter of deer 

 hair. Above all a row of nearly- a hundred pompons of wood-pecker's 

 crest. The back is stiffened with several vertical splints set in like 

 modern whalebone. Along the sides two buckskin liaps lap over at the 

 back of the head. Lieutenant Ray says that such articles are used as 

 money. They are worn by men at festal dances, and used as a medium 

 of exchange. In trafitic the value is about $30, and Stephen Powers 

 speaks of an inferior one for which the owner refused 8G0. 



Hair ornaments for the dauce are made of strips of haUotis shall 

 (varying from 4^ to 1 inch in length and oblong, though irregular in 

 outline) and pierced at one end. Through this hole a loop of leather 

 string is passed and wrapped in three places with a strip of yellow 

 grass for ornament. Two bunches of these pendants, nine in each 

 bunch, are connected by a string just long enough to reach over the 

 head and permit the pendants to hang gracefully on either side. When 

 shaken these bunches produce a pleasing sound. 



Every attractive object is laid under contribution in the Hupa head- 

 dress, otter-skin, wings, crests, necks, tail feathers of flickers, wood- 

 peckers, ducks, blue jays, fox-skin, pretty shells, dyed grass, quail- 

 skins, etc. (Plates v, vi, Figs. 34-41.) 



