214 PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 



triaiifiular patterns, black aud red. A rod is sewed into each of two 

 opposite ends of this cloth and these rods brought togetlier so that the 

 rods lie parallel, their ends projecting like the boom of a vessel. The 

 ends of the wallet thus formed are closed by bits of cloth and the ends 

 of the rods covered with red cloth, one end helving a plume of bird 

 feathers. Among the Wilkes collections from this region is a carved 

 bone nose-plug, with feather ornaments at the ends. (Fig. 49.) This 

 form of adornment is not common at present, as no specimens occur in 

 the collections of later explorers. 



The necessary accompaniment of the dance costume is the toilet of 

 the hair and face. Tattooing is done with the soot of the pine tree, 

 macerated in deer's marrow. The juice of herbs is also employed. 

 Then, again, there are vermin tools, consisting of a iiaddle-shaped 

 scraper and a crusher. (Fi'gs. 46, 47.) One of the former in this collec- 

 tion (77197) is of cedar, 13 inches long, made very smooth, and polished 

 at the end by long use. The other is of the white portion of elk horn, 

 resembling ivory, diamond shaped, with one end rounded, 7i inches 

 long, aud nowhere over one quarter of an inch thick. It has the ap- 

 pearance of old Eskimo ivory implements, amber-colored by long use. 

 The rounded side is covered with the triangular markings so much 

 affected by this people and apparently transferred from basketry. 

 The crusher is a cylindrical section of an elk's femur, G| inches long. 

 The modus operandi is to stir up the vermin with the j)addle and to 

 crush them and their eggs by placing the crusher under the hair and 

 pressing it with the paddles. 



The hair-brushes of the Hupa are made of rigid vegetable threads 

 and root fibers about G inches long (Fig. 48), by doubling the strands 

 and inclosing them like the hairs of a white-wash brush in a handle or 

 grip of elk skin sewed fast. The ubiquitous paint mill is made of granite 

 or schistose rock, napiform, about 4 inches in the long diameter, with a 

 globose depression from 2 to 3 inches wide at top. The cup is coated 

 with ocher and becomes extremely smooth from constant mulling. 



PREPARATION AND SERVING OF FOOD. 



As late as 1850 all the bands of Indians now on the Hupa Valley 

 Reservation were living in pristine simplicity of social structure, arts, 

 and ceremonies, which even now survives to a large extent among the 

 old and conservative. Dr. Moffatt, the surgeon of the reservation in 

 1805, says: "Their food varied with the season of the year ; each suc- 

 cessive Tuouth furnished its own peculiar staple articles." 



Autumn supplied the all-important acorn, large quantities of which 

 were collected and kept in store for use during the winter and ensuing 

 spring. Winter was the great hunting time. Then they chased the 

 numrritch (deer), and small game over the hills, bow in hand, or laid 

 in wait for them in the thickets. Grouse, quails, and small birds were 



