THE RAY COLLECTION FROM HUPA RESERVATION. 217 



placed on the i^round, uikI a liat stone placed oa the basket. The hop- 

 per rests OQ the stone to hold acorns, manzanita, berries, etc., in place. 

 The margin is held in the left hand while with the right the pestle is 

 brought to bear upon the acorns or grain. In more southern portions 

 of California the ba-ikot is glued to the stone with j^itch. A full outfit 

 consists of one hop[)!n', one stone pestle, one large, shallow basket, and a 

 smooth tiat stone froui 12 to IS inches in diameter. A larger hojjper, 

 more jilainly ornamented, measures 18 inches in diameter at top, with 

 an o[)eiiing at the bottom of (> inches diameter. In the two-ply and 

 three-ply twine, in the deft handling of grass lining, the strengthening- 

 rods and plaited margin, this specimen resembles the last, excepting 

 the black color. Here we have only the osier, brown and grass color. 

 Mr. Livingston Stone collected two very similar specimens from the Mc- 

 Oloud River Indians living in the vicinity of the Hupas, and Mr. Powers 

 others from the Tule Riv^er country. These la,st are similar in form, but 

 the stitch of the basket is entirely different, being the very beautiful 

 coiled stitch of the Yuroks and other tribes of central and southern Cali- 

 fornia. (Smithsonian An. Rep. 1884, Pt. II, pi. xix.) 



A basket forming part of the outfit of the acorn grinder is 21 inches 

 in diameter and inches deep. It is closely woven by twining in brown 

 and grass color, forming a trefoil pattern. 



The rudest pestles are formed by knocking off the edges of a piece 

 of hard rock with a flint hammer-stone. These may be ground down 

 to symmetrical form upon a flat sandstone kept constantly wet. (Fig. 

 bG.) 



Mr. Powers tells us that bread or mush is made from the acorns of 

 the chestnut oak {Qiiercus densifJora), which are first slighly scorched and 

 then pounded up in stone mortars. (Plate vii, 52.) The meal thus 

 prepared is wet with v/ater and the mixture poured into little sand 

 pools scooped in the river beach, around which a fire is made until the 

 stuff is cooked, when the outside sand is brushed ofi' and the bread is 

 leady to be eaten. (Powers Cont. Ill, 50.) 



The Hu[)a cook their mush in a basket pot not unlike a " dinner-pot " 

 in shape. (Fig. 57.) Smooth, clean bowlders are heated and dropped 

 into the mush, which is stirred with a strong mush-stick or paddle. 

 (Fig. 58.) 



Frying pans of la2)is ollaris are also used in cooking cakes. These 

 are carelessly rectangular in shape, say about 10 inches long, half as 

 wide, and an inch thick. In addition to these are many small baking 

 dishes of lapis ollaris, like the so-called individual pans in which civil- 

 ized cakes are baked. This form should be especially noticed. The 

 Hupa Indians use them for cooking a kind of bread made of acorn-meal. 

 (Wheeler VII, 102.) Among the so-called paint dishes in archiieological 

 collections are mauj' of soapstone and other soft material not at all 

 suited to rubbing up paint. Wcf have here a much more rational ex- 

 planation of the proper function. 



