THE RAY COLLECTION FROM IIUPA EESEUV^ATION. 227 



(Fift-. 88) tlie (iiiest shredded sinew from the k?g of tlie deer is used 

 (Fig. 8G). Ghi(i is made from the sturgeon and paint from the ochers 

 of the iiills (Fi<4-. 89). For tilling up the interstices of sinew, wood, and 

 stone, pitch (Fig, 87) is administered by means of a pitch-stick (Ffg. 91.) 



The war arrows of tlie Hnpas are the perfection of grace. They con- 

 sist of the following parts, which will be described in the following- 

 order: head, forcshaft, shaft, shaftmciit, Mul «ocA;, each with its seizing 

 or lashing. (Figs. 99, 102.) 



The arrow-heads are of jasper, chalcedony, obsidian, and bottle-glass 

 from "I of an inch to 2 j inches in length, quite uniformly 5 of an imdi 

 in width and y^j of an inch in thickness, forming an isosceles triangle 

 with incurved base. Side notches are made for the sinew thread which 

 forms the lashing of the head. Bird-arrows, designed to stun rather 

 than to wound, lack the stone head. 



The foreshaft (Fi^;-. 102i) is about 3i inches outside measure, painted or 

 not, according to fancy, and inserted into a socket in the end of the shaft 

 by a point 3 inches long. The shaft is always a sucker of white wood, 

 and with the shaftment measures about 2 feet in length. There is little 

 similarity between the uniform, straight, and delicate rod and the twig 

 or sucker out of which it has been formed. Much time and pains are 

 exi^ended in removing the bark by means of wooden wrenches or nippers, 

 in steaming and straightening with a wooden wrench (Fig. 90), scraping, 

 standstoning with two [)ieces of coarse-grained sandstone having semi- 

 cylindrical groves (Fig. 91), and finally in polishing down, not with 

 emory puper, but with the leaf of a coarse marsh-grass full of siliceous 

 particles. 



The shaftment or feathered part is in the neighborhood of G inches in 

 length. Three feathers (Fig. 88) are seized on at the ends by sinew 

 (Fig. 8(5), but they arc not always glued down along the shaftment. Al- 

 most universally around the shaftment, inside the feather, occur streaks 

 of paint in endless variety of color (Fig. 1026'), width of strJi)e, and order 

 of succession. In the same quiver will occur variation of width and 

 succession, but not in colors. These decorations have been called clan 

 and owner nrarlcs. 



Kock is the part of the arrow concerned with the bow-string (Fig. 

 102r/). Itself may be Hat, like a iish-tail, cylindrical like the shaltment, 

 only wrapped with the feather seizing, bulbous as in the Chinook ar- 

 row, or flaring as in the swallow-tailed nock of the Indian tribes of the 

 plains and the great interior basin. 



On the Hnpa arrows, the nock is cylindrical, slightly bulbous by 

 reason of thick paint on the feather-seizing. The notch in the nock 

 may either be angular or rectanguhir. All the sinew lashings in this 

 series are painted. 



The fishing arrows of the Hupa (Fig. 100) have a foreshaft of bone 

 which have bilateral barbs, one, two, or three pairs, and to the front of 

 this foreshaft are lashed the stone heads. 



