THE RAY COLLECTION FROM TfUPA RESERVATION. 233 



liiivo another money much more valuable. It i.s a very pretty stone 

 and looks like a fine piece of meerschaum. It is found in the mountains 

 and is very scarce. They do not cut it into small pieces as they do the 

 shells, but work it into cylinders from 1 to 3 inches long, which are 

 made round and polished by the same x>i'ocesses applied to the shell 

 money. 



A piece of this stone 2 inches long and three-quarters of an inch thick 

 is worth $10. They wear this money around their necks, and when one 

 dies they often put $500 or $()00 worth in the grave. 



One sees among the Wailakki very pretty strings of sliell mone,y 

 called toJcalU, consisting of thin circular disks about a quarter of an 

 inch in diameter, and resembling somewhat the Catholic rosaries, iu hav- 

 ing one larger button or " Gloria Patri" to every ten "Ave Marias." 

 Mr. Powers speaks of a Wailakki squaw with ear-droi)s or pendants 

 carved from the ear-shell (tialiotis) in the shape of tish and exliibiting 

 the glinting tints of that beautiful sliell to great advantage, and he 

 says it is the only instance of fancy shell or bone carving aside from 

 the common shell money that he has ever noticed. 



Their mode of settling difficidties is to kill their enemies at the first 

 favorable opportunity, and then if they wish to avoid a similar fate, a 

 settlement is made with the relatives of the deceased, and the dead In- 

 dian is paid for according to rank and station. This payment is made 

 in Indian money, or perhaps in white (hMU'-skins or woodpeckers' heads. 

 Tlien all are supposed to be friendly and they have their appropriate 

 dance over it. 



The murder of a man's dearest relativ'e may be' compounded for by 

 the payment of money, the price of an ordinary Indian's life being one 

 string. If the money is paid without higgling the slayer and the 

 avenger become at once boon companions. If not, the avenger must 

 have the murderer's blood, and a system of retaliation is initiated, 

 which, however, may at any moment be arrested by the payment of 

 monej'. 



Among the Patawat of Humboldt Bay the fine for tlie murder of a 

 man is ten strings of alliko(;hilc, each string consisting of ten pieces; 

 for the murder of a woman it is five strings, or one huixlred dollars, and 

 fifty dollars, respectively. A man's life with tliis tribe is valued at six 

 canoes, each one occupying in its manufacture three months' time of 

 two Indians, or the labor of one man for tliree years. 



A wife is ])urchased at prices varying ironi two to fifteen strings. 



Judge lloseborough states that with the llupas these ])ayments are not 

 demanded until the first full moon after the murder. Then the demand 

 is presented by a third party. If the money is paid at once, tlio affair 

 is amicably settled and is never alluded to again. 



If they have a quarrel and it is not settled on the spot, they refuse t:) 

 speak to each otlier; but if after avthile one desires to 0])en friendly 

 relations, he offers to pay the other man a certain amount of shell 



