THE RAY COLLECTION FROM HUPA RESERVATION. 235 



graceful leus-sliapcd rattle mounted ou a stick is held in the hand of the 

 dancer. (Fig. 115.) 



'hie. llupa drum is a rectangular box coveretl with leather and has little 

 merit as a musical instrument.* (Fig. 119.) 



The riupa make tolerably agreeable music on a small bone whistle 

 made either single or double. (Figs. 115-llS.) Dr. Abbott describes 

 and figures a collection of prehistoric whistles of bono from southwestern 

 California so similar to those of the Hupa that the continuity of music 

 in prehistoric and recent times is made out. (Wheeler, Vol. VII, 23.) 



It is an important principle which archaeologists sometimes overlook 

 that arts may survive and obey the laws of teclmic evolution even 

 though the men through whose instrumentality they live and have their 

 being luive had no immediate blood relationship. 



Among the Karoks of California there are two kinds of Shamans — 

 the root doctors and the barking doctors. The latter (women mostly) 

 squat like a dog before tlie patient and bark for hours. The root doctor 

 with potions, poultices, etc., medicate the parts where the ailmeiit is 

 discovered. They believe that witches cause a snake, frog, lizard, or 

 other reptile to fasten to the body and to grow through tlie skin into 

 the viscera. The barking doctor first discovers the seat of the disease 

 and then sucks until the blood Hows. She then takes an emetic and 

 vomits up a frog, which she pretends came from the patient. 



ABORIGINAL BOTANY. 



The following-named plants enter in some manner into the daily life 



and experience of the northern California Indians, The list is far from 



exhaustive, but an effort in the right direction, which it is hoped may be 



followed np and corrected with reference to all aboriginal peo])les. 



Most of the information is drawn from Mr. Powers, Dr. Watson, and the 



Wheeler Eeport, Vol. VI : 



Aesculiis caltfornica, Nutt. Buckeye. The shoots used for arrow- 

 shafts and the pounded nuts used in stupefying fish, also eaten in 

 times of scarcity. 



Allium cepa, Lunlmp, in Yokuts. Eaten as food. 



Allium sativum. Eaten raw or roasted. 



Allit. a kind of salt used for seasoning greens. The Indians pull up 

 the grass in low alkaline grounds when the dew is on, and soak off 

 the salt, or they sweep a stick through the grass and wash it to 

 l^rocure the salt, which is strongly impregnated with alum. 



Alnus. Alder. 



Amenopsis californica. Hooker. Yerba Mansa, Lipits, in Yokuts. 

 A piperaceous plant whose root is soaked in water and the infusion 

 drank for a bad stomach. 



Angelica. ChehinJcinlcu, in Iluchuom, Muhaclialcolen^ in Ilupa, The 

 root is used as medicine and also as a charm by many tribes. The 

 tender shoots are eaten as greens in spring. 



