254 PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 



Ageucy, loaded ihc remains upon a suug-wa-kin-i-lmpa and carried it 

 there and back twice a year, a distance of over 100 miles, for fear the 

 skeleton should fall into the hands of the white doctor. 



SUNG-WA-KIN-I-IIU-rA. 



The apparatus for packing on a horse or dog. It is made by placing 

 ihe ends of two long tent poles together at an angle of about 40 de- 

 grees, the ends fastened together and placed on the back of horse or 

 dog, the other dragging upon the ground; behind the horse's tail cross- 

 pieces are tied, on which loads are packed. The Sissi ton wans and the 

 llianktonwans of the prairies train large dogs for the ])urpose. 



I- GUS-KA (UNTYING THE BUNDLE). 



This is a Dakolali custom. A l)uudle of tobacco is sent to seal the 

 bond of friendshi)) between bands or vilhigcs ; if it is untied, blankets, 

 guns, kettles, and articU's of finery are sent in return. Jf th(>.y have 

 notliing to give or refuse to accept the overtures of i)eace the bundle is 

 returned untied. 



i-zu-YA-n. 



Harried l>y the Dakotahs when going lo war, as tlie palladium of the 

 Jionians. Sometimes it is a i)ii)e, sometiuus the skin of an animal. 



DAKOTAIl MENIT. 



Pemmican, the ilesh of ox, buffalo, deer, or other wild meat, cut in 

 long tliiu strips, and dried in tlu^ sun, "jerked ;'' as sooji as cured it is 

 l)ca.ten ])y the s(|uaws with stones until in shicds, collected and placed 

 in skin bags; then bones are i)0unded and the manow extracted, melted, 

 and ])oured into the bags with the shredded meat, to which has been 

 added quantities of hau-tas-ka, a small red berry, very aromatic and in- 

 digenous to the ])raries. Pemmican is used on long marches or jour- 

 neys, as it is compact, and a small quantity serves for many meals. 

 There are many wealthy white people of Minnesota who are regularly 

 sui)plied with i)emmican for home consumption, as when properly made 

 it is not unlike^j^Jff' dcfoie gras. Accomi)anied by a dish of wild rice from 

 the rice lakes of Minnesota, it is a repast so toothsome that even those 

 without Jin appetite can enjoy. Throughout Minnesota are many shal- 

 low lakes, from which (piantities of wild rice are gathered by the Indians, 

 until it has become a business with many of" them ; it is in fact supe- 

 rior to cultivated rice. Tipsinna, wild turnip, is nature's most precious 

 gift to the Indians, who in the fall of the year desert their villages and 

 roam the prairies turnip hunting ; it is no unusual sight to see the hill- 

 sides of the rolling prairies dotted with men, women, and children, each 

 with a long heavy pole, sharpened at one end, digging turnips. They 

 are agreeable in taste, raw or dried; the Dakotahs dry them for win- 



