262 PAPERS JJELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 



be ()ectii)ie(l (hiiiii'^- the salmon season, and until Febi nary, when the 

 o(;eupants (le[)art lor the headwaters of streams, where they hunt and 

 trap, occupying the summer houses. 



Never have I seen Indians mere devoid of luxuries than are the 

 Atnatanas. The wealthiest eouut only the following vessels and uten- 

 sils in their subsistence department: One to three large kettles, one 

 tea-kettle, one frying-pan, several wooden trays (native), several knives 

 (generally home manufacture), liorn spoons, and two or three cups. In 

 but one place did I see any pretense of furniture, and that was a pecul- 

 iar-made box to put the tea-cups on. The average head of a family dis. 

 penses with all the above save one kettle, one" or two Avooden trays, a 

 knife or two, and possibly a small cup, which he invariably carries whilst 

 traveling. 1 ibund no vessels for boiling or holding water that had 

 been used [)rior to the introduction of modern ones. 



Their clothing consists ordinarily of two garments, trousers and boots 

 forming one, coat or i)arkee the other. In the winter this is sometimes 

 supplemented by a shirt made of rabbit skin. The coat is usually 

 without a hood attachment, dilfering in this respect from that ol' the 

 l*lskimos, the headdress being made from marmot or squirrel skins. The 

 l)rincipal decoration of the wearing apparel is of beads, of which those 

 one-eighth to one-(iuarter of an inch in diameter are especially chosen. 

 Very seldom are porcupine quills utilized for orimmentation. 



The men have both ears and nose pierced, the women the former only. 

 In the nose, rings made of shell or metal are worn, some of which are 

 one and one-half inches in diameter. Sinew suspends the ear ornaments, 

 which arc made of elongated beads. To be thoroughly en regie a little 

 red paint must be applied to the face. This applies more particularly 

 to the women and children than to the men. The beaded knife scab- 

 bard attached to the neck is considered indispensable to the Avell- 

 ecpiipped Atnat<^na, who does not take it off day or night. In addition 

 to this, the tyones and wealthy inen wear a beaded ammunition pouch. 

 Bracelets and fmger-rings, likewise tattooing, are almost unknown to 

 them. Combs made of the hoofs of the moose are owned by some, 

 while many keep the hair in condition by dexterous use of the hands. 

 They are very fastidious with i-espect to the hair, which, be it said to 

 their credit, nearly always appears neat, a shaman's excepted. That 

 of the women and shamans is worn long, while many of the men in 

 early summer cut it straight around at the height of the miihlle of the 

 neck. 



The unit of measurement with them is the distance between the tips 

 of the hngers, the arms horizontally outstretched. I have frequently 

 seen them measuring timber for a I)aid;irra or the length of rope or 

 thongs with thi's unit. 



Beads and ammunition are the mediums of exchange used by the in- 

 termediate men in obtaining the furs that are carried to the trading 

 station. Nicolai leaves at his house on the Chittystone Iliver, during 



