STONE AGE OF OKEGON. 285 



somewhat unlike the oidiiiaiy iVaiue-wurks of the liuliansof to-day, be- 

 ing without the frontal ridge and having a peculiarly receding forehead, 

 yo that the explorer thought that they belonged to a tribe anterior to 

 the Calapooias, who liv'cd there wiien the llrst whites came to the 

 region. 



Mr. II. A. Chase, in the American Jonrnal of Science and Arts, de- 

 scribes some mounds on the coast of soiitliern Oregon. Their position 

 and ruins show them to have been ibrts ; their ruins likewise show them 

 10 have been houses, and the skeletons which tliey yield shov/ them tol)e 

 j^'raves. They are often L^5 or oO feet high. With the skeletons are found 

 numerous articles as knives or swordsof blueish or black obsidian. rii>es 

 of slate and sandstone with straight tubes. Whistles of thigli-bones 

 of birds, pestles and mortars of dark green stone, arrow and heads of 

 Jasper, flint and obsidian and ivory (whale's teeth), stone adze-han- 

 dles, and one brass hatchet or ad/e which nuist have been more than 

 thirty years old. 



In Patton's Valley, Washington Count}', are a number of interesting 

 carvings on rocks. They are in sandstones, and fsice the south. The 

 most noticeable figures are of four persons. The distance across the 

 largest face is inches, and it is about 12 inches long. The smallest is 

 about two- thirds that size. The mouth, eyes, nose, and hair, of three 

 are very plainly seen, the hair standing out straight all around ; the 

 hands of two are i)lain, and also the ribs of one. A lino from the head 

 downward in each of three ternjinates at the heart, which is also ])lainly 

 visible. One figure is almost obliterated by time. A number of other 

 lines are on the rock, which look as if they might have been numbers. 

 The outlines of two fishes, with the ribs, can also be seen on the same 

 rock. On other rocks near by are other marks, two of which also seem 

 to be fishes; one a bow and arrow, another a lodge, and some are 

 unknown. There are also many straight irregular marks. 



►Some eight years ago, while summering at a sea-side house, we no- 

 ticed skulls amongst the debris used to macadamize the roads in that 

 locality, and visiting the spot whence this material was obtained, we 

 found the side of a wall left by the workmen, which was at least 8 or 

 10 feet above, showing the great depth of deposit. IJones of fish and 

 fowl, deer, and animals we could not identify, were also found. What 

 we wish most particularly to notice was the frequent presence of human 

 bones of children, as well as adults. These bones were often broken, 

 sujigestive of cannibalism. 



(Inivcs and cemeteries. — As far as 1 know these have been the most 

 prolific places where stone and bone implements have been found. 

 Coffin Eock, on the Columbia, received its name because it was an In- 

 dian cemetery-. From it, and from another cemetery on SauvieAs Islaml 

 north of Portland, Dr. Rafferty obtained a large number of his speci- 

 mens. The mounds in Linn County and in southern Oregon described 

 l)y Messrs. Chase and Schumacher were also })laces of interment, while 



