8T0NE AGE OF OREGON. 287 



saw some forty-five or fifty in all, some of which are of granite, some of 

 basalt, and others of volcanic rocks. The smooth and the rongh ones 

 are about evenly divided, a few being polished. Most of them are from 

 the three counties above named. One from California looks almost ex- 

 actly like those of Oregon; a few as if they were common stones from 

 the beach of about the right shape, but generally they are worked into 

 good shape, some with great labor. 



Those collected by Captain Bendire from John Bay's liiverwere cyl- 

 indrical and mostly of compact eruptive rock. Those from the mounds 

 of Linn County are described as being from 5 to 13 inches long, some 

 beiug nicely polished. They are of a blue, hard gravel. The mortars 

 were evidently used both for grinding food and paint, the smaller ones 

 for the latter; but they grow in size so gradually as to make it impossi- 

 ble to determine accurately the dividing line between the two. There 

 were man}' of them of tufa, basalt, and trachyte. The upper surface 

 of the bowl is generally round and regular, but sometimes obloug. 

 Among the round ones the distance across the bowl varies from 1^ to 

 7 inches, and the depth from a quarter of an iucli to 7 inches. The up- 

 per surface of the bowl of an oblong one is 7 by 13 inches. The whole 

 distance across the upper surface of the stone among the round ones 

 varies from 1^ to 10|l inches, though an irregular one is 9 by 17i inches. 

 The whole height of the stone varies from seven-eighths to 7 inches, 

 though I once saw one in Patton's Valley, Washington County, which 

 was 12i inches deep. Its bowl had only a depth of G inches. Their 

 weight varies from 3^ ounces to GO pounds. Generally the outside is 

 plaiu, but a few have some unmeaning lines on them, and one oblong- 

 one has the head of a turtle at one end, with an arm and ten ribs on its 

 side. Sometimes the bottoms are quite flat, and sometimes rounding. 

 If any stone mortars are found on the sound they are scarce. Those 

 from the mounds of Linn County are of various sizes and shapes, one 

 being large enough to hold a half gallon. They are the same kind of 

 stone as the pestles — a hard, blue gravel. Those from southern Oregon, 

 fouud by Mr. Chase, were of a dark green stone. 



Stone ladles. — Mr. Stevens has one of light-red porous tufa, which was 

 never used much. The handle is 3 inches loug and 1^ inches thick, 

 and the bowl of it is 4 inches long. 



Another beautiful ladle of stone was found by Mr. Schumaker in the 

 southwestern part of the State, He also found a boat-shaped vessel 

 about 9 inches long, of magnesian mica, which showed strong marks of 

 having been exposed to the fire, seemingly for the purpose of cooking- 

 food in it. A metate, owned by Mrs. Kunzie, is 19 inches long, 13 inches 

 wide, weight 53 i)Ounds, and has three legs. 



Knives. — Those on the sound are of shite, with one edge and small, 

 only 2 or 3 inches long; but some have been found in a cache at Oregon 

 City of black and striped obsidian, the largest of which was lOi inches 

 long and 2^ wide, and a half inch thick, witii double serrated edges. 



