288 PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 



.sharp at both ends, aud very irregular. As this kind of stone is not 

 found in the region, they must have imported it, probably from a long 

 distance. They had, from appearances, never been used. 



Similar cues were described hj Mr. Chase as being found in southern 

 Oregon, too brittle to have been of much practical use, some being 

 nearly in tlic shape of a Greek sword, the largest being 14'| inches long, 

 li inches broad near one end and If inches near the other, tapering to 

 a point at each end, and a quarter of an inch thick. 



Those from the mounds of Linn County are of tiint or jas])er, and only 

 from 1 to 2A inches long. Those obtained by Captain Bendire are from 

 graves on John Day's Kiver, and are of obsidian. 



Axes, adzes-, and celts. — These are generally small compared with those 

 on the sound, or about the same as our smaller sizes. They vary in 

 weight from half an ounce to 4 ounces (the largest one on the sound 

 which I have seeu weighs 12 ounces, and is 7^ inches long) ; in length 

 from live-eights to 2A inches, and in width irom one-half to 2^ inches. 

 There were eleven of these, most of which were believed to have come 

 from near Oregon City. They are all smooth and of metamorphic rock, 

 the same material as those on the sound. In Oregon they are quite 

 scarce ; Captain Bendire has, however, found a few on the John l>ay 

 River, in eastern Oregon. Handles from whale's teeth for these adzes 

 were found by Mr. Chase in the mounds of southwestern Oregon. 



Chisels and tccdgcs. — I have only seen one on the sound of stone, and 

 am doubtful of that one, though an old Indian says they were once 

 used here. But Dr. Kafiferty has nine whole ones, or parts, about which 

 there is no doubt. They mostly come from Sauvie's Island, and are 

 generally of hard volc;ariic rock. They vary in weight from 2 pounds 

 14 ounces to 5 pounds 11 ounces; in length from GJ to 13| inches, in 

 width from 2.^ to 3.], and in thickness from 2J to 2:| inches. The edges 

 are shaip, but the stone is thick a short distance from the edge. 1 

 know of none from other piirts of t regoii. 



War clubs and sivords. — There are three of these, two of which are 

 owned by Dr. Ratlerty, and one by Mrs. Kunzie. One of Dr. Eafferty's 

 was found at Fosters, in Clackamas County ; is of serpentine ; 2 H inches 

 long, 4inches wide from the club end, tapering towards the handle, and 

 rounding towards the other end ; half an inch thick. It weighs 2 

 l)ounds aud 1) ounces. It is supposed by some to have been a badge of 

 liouor. The other came from Vancouver, Wash., is 17 inches long, 2| 

 inches wide, 1 J thick, and weighs G pounds and 14 ounces. The handle 

 is sha])ed into the head of some animal. The other end looks as if it 

 might have been used for a j)estle. 



Mrs. Kunzie's was found at the Umatilla Landing, and is 22 inches 

 long aud If inches wide at the handle, tapering gradualfy to a point at 

 the other end. Like the first one mentioned, it has a hole through the 

 handle, through which a string was passed to assist in holding it. I 

 have but little doubt that these were used in war, as Lewis and Clarke 



