STONE AGE OF OREGON. 289 



speak ofseeiug sucli of wood aud iron, while Koss, Cox, and Frauchere 

 speak of similar articles, but do not describe the material. I have a 

 similar one of stone, and another of copper, obtained on Piiget Sound, 

 which Indians now living remember as having been used iu war. Those 

 of stone, however, are now very scarce. 



Stone spear and arrow heads. — These are very scarce on the sound ; 

 I only saw nine in eight years. The Indians say they did not make 

 them. They generally used those of bone. At Oregon City, about half 

 a mile below the falls, is a perfect mine of them, which the high water, 

 as it washed away the bank, unearthed. 



Mr. Stephens has about thirty-two hundred in his cabinet, and many 

 hundred on hand for exchange, besides having sent off very many, and 

 other persons have obtained many. The lance and arrow heads run 

 into each other, so that it is very difficult to draw the dividing line. 

 Some are very small, a half inch long and a quarter wide. In one 

 drawer, 22.^ by IGi inches, he has eighteen hundred and thirty-five of 

 the smaller ones well arranged so that all can be seen. The longest 

 which he has is Gi and the widest 2^- inches. They are of obsidian, 

 chalcedony, jasper, and some other varieties of stone, and many are 

 very regular and very beautiful. They are all patterns, some being 

 double serrated. 



Another manufactory was at the Umatilla Lauding, where Mrs. Kun- 

 zie has obtained many, some of them being as beautiful, seemingly, as 

 can be made. The chips are now seen all around, though the stone of 

 which they were made — much the same as that used at Oregon City — 

 must have been brought to both places from a long distance. Others 

 have been found iu the mounds of Linn County, very tine, from a quar- 

 ter to three-quarters of an inch long, maiul}' of obsidian, but some are 

 of carneliau, chalcedony, and jasper. 



In the graves on John Day's Eiver similar ones have also been found by 

 Captain Bendire and by Messrs. C'hase and Schumaker iu southwestern 

 Oregon. 



Stone sinkers. — Those for fishing are generallj'^ very diiferent from 

 ours on the sound. Ours being oval, about 2 by 3 inches, around them 

 is fastened bark, to which the lines are tied, but the Oregon sinkers are 

 generally flat, more the shaiie of a small grind stone, with the edge 

 rounding, as a beach stone. All are evidently^ water- worn, some being 

 smooth as water will make them and some being rough. There are 

 three kinds of the first style ; some are quite circular and some oblong, 

 and each has a hole through it, either in the middle or towards one side, 

 from five-sixteenths to five-eighths of an inch in diameter, through 

 which the string passed that fastened them to the fishing apparatus. 

 Usually this is all the work put upon them, but one has four grooves at 

 the edges and another groove from the hole to the edge where strings 

 were also tied. These sinkers vary in length from 2i to 8 inches, iu 

 H. Mis. 170 19 



