294 PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 



tiquity thau our Nortliwestern ludians would be thought capable 

 of. The use of this iuterestiug- relic was probably for a grinding bowl, 

 though its grand sphinx-like form suggests a nobler use. This great 

 curiosity is cut from reddish-gray granite, and would require a block a 

 foot square for its dimensions. Its front is a human face, distinct, dig- 

 nified, and in some respects even grand in outline. It is carved with a 

 skill wliich could have copied nature, yet there is no point of resem- 

 blance between the face and that of any modern Indians. Its brow is 

 broad and low, and the wide-curving eyebrows suggest the resemblance 

 to rams' horns, which Assyrian images have also. The nose is almost 

 Grecian, except that the nostrils are Avider and the chin and lower jaw 

 are the reverse of Indian physiognomy. Only the mouth bears any 

 resemblance to our Indian carving. In this respect there is a slight 

 leaning towards the style of some of the Alaska totem faces. On each 

 side, above and behind the ear, is a protuberance like the fold over the 

 old Egyptian statues, and a claw, like an arm, extends from the edge of 

 the bowl to the side of the throat, its claws being nearly under the chin 

 of the figure. The hair is not cut in detail. It seems to be in a straight 

 mass without braiding or ornament. The whole head is well propor- 

 tioned, and is about life size." This was found in the Indian cemetery 

 at tlie Umatilla landing. 



Idols. — Images in stone and shell have also been found which were 

 ]irol)ably made for religious purposes and not as a mere work of art, 

 as I have seen the ludians on Puget Sound within twelve years actually 

 worshiping an idol made from wood in the shape of the upper part of a 

 man. Mrs. Kunzie has one sjilendid one which came from near the 

 Dalles. It represents the head, neck, and most of the body of a man, 

 is 17^ inches high, 27 inches in circumference, and weighs G4 pounds. 



Siie has another which is also in the image of the upper part of a per- 

 son, and came from the same region, which is Cinches high and 3 inches 

 in diameter, and she has found near her residence most of the pieces 

 of an idol of shell, which is well carved, and a totem post of black stone, 

 21 inches long, and which weighs 11 pounds. 



Dr. Rafierty has another which was unlmried at Sauvie's Island. It 

 is 10 inches long, S inches wide, while the eyes are about 2 inches in 

 diameter, and it has a mouth and other lines on it. 



Mr. Stevens has the head of a small one, which seems to be the face 

 of a person, but broken off from whatever it was attached to ; the neck 

 shows that it was some four-legged animal. The face is verj- regular. 

 He has also some small circular stones from 1 to 2 inches in diameter 

 with various markings on them — lines, diamonds, angles, and i)arts of 

 circles; one has a human face on it — which I presume were intended for 

 religious purposes. 



Unknoicn implements. — Dr. Rafferty has three of these; one, an egg- 

 shaped stone of quartz, but rather sharp at the ends, very regular and 

 well worked, 7 inches long, 3;^ inches wide, and 2? thick, weighing 3^ 

 pounds. 



