6bz MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 



east to west with the sun, as the earth revolves in the opposite direction, and it 

 takes an entire revolution of the globe on its axis for the day everywhere to he en- 

 tered on. Immediately on the completion of one revolution the inception of any one 

 day ends, and at this moment the end of the day begins; and the globe must make 

 another complete revolution before the end of the day entirely finishes. The globe 

 must in fact make two entire revolutions before any one week day runs out, conse- 

 quently each and every day of the week runs over forty-eight hours ; and, taking 

 the whole globe into account, two civil days always co-exist. The first twenty-four 

 hours of one day co-exist with the last twenty-four hours of its predecessor, while 

 the remaining twenty-four hours co-exist with the first twenty-four hours of the day 

 which follows. 



It is difficult to accept the fact that any one day lasts more than twenty-four hours; 

 but it can be demonstrated that it is the case. Let us place together several maps of 

 the world on Mercator's ''Projection," so as to represent, in consecutive order, each 

 pa,rt of the earth's surface as it passes the sun during several diurnal revolutions. 

 (See plate). 



AA\ A^A"^, are intended to represent each a comjjlete map of the world. Within 

 each of these limits every place on the earth's surface is brought under the sun during 

 a daily revolution. 



The vertical lines 7J I N B F represent meridians, for the sake of simplicity selected 

 60 degrees apart, and the stars or dots at their intersection denote the beginning and 

 end of a day on each of the six meridians. As the earth revolves, the sun passes suc- 

 cessively the meridians of those localities, with an interval of four hours elapsing be- 

 tween each. 



Let us assume it to be 12 o'clock midnight on Thursday at meridian A. At that 

 moment and at that i)lace Friday begins and runs for twenty-four hours, or on the 

 diagram from A to AK 



Four hours later Friday begins on meridian E, and runs four hours on the second 

 map, or into the second revolution of the earth. Four hours still later Friday begins 

 on meridian / and runs eight on the second map or into the second revolution. This 

 goes on from spot to spot, until at last the commencement of Friday reaches the last 

 meridian, and at that point Friday runs entirely across the second map to A^. Thus 

 Friday begins at A, runs during two complete revolutions of the earth, as shown on 

 the map from A to A'^. 



The diagram will thus illustrate the duration of every day in the week, and it be- 

 comes obvious, when we take a general view of the whole globe on any given day, 

 say Saturday, that day begins in the middle of Friday and does not end until the 

 middle of Sunday. Friday, on the other hand, beginning in the middle of Thursday, 

 runs into the middle of Saturday, while Sunday commences at the moment Friday 

 ends. To state the case differently : the same moment of absolute time which is part 

 of Saturday in one place, is equally part of Friday and of Sunday in some other 

 places east and west. 



It is a iireconceived idea with many that there is a simultaneons Sunday over the 

 earth, and that Christians in every meridian keep the Lord's day at one and the same 

 time. Facts, however, establish that this is a mistake. From its first commence- 

 ment to its final ending, the Sunday extends over forty-eight hours. Indeed, if we 

 take into account the remarkable circumstance mentioned with regard to Alaska and 

 tbo Philippine Islands, Sunday has been discovered to run over some fifty-five hours. 

 The same may be said of any day in the week ; and as a consequence we have, taking 

 the whole globe into view, Saturday and Monday running over the intervening Sun- 

 day to overlap each other about seven hours. We have, in fact as a constant occur- 

 rence, portions of three consecutive days co-existent. 



From the fact that not only are the hours of the day different in every meridian, 

 but that difl"erent days are constantly in progress on the face of the globe, it is a difli- 

 cult matter under our present system of reckoning to assign relatively the hour and 



