424 ASTEONOMICAL "• OBSERVATORIES. 



Directors: J. F. Benzenberg, 1809-1 SIG. 

 F.Brunnow, 1847-1851. 

 Egbert Luther, 1851. 



Established in 1809, b^' J. F. Benzenberg, the savant, who in 1844 

 erected a more complete building at Bilk, IJ miles (2 kilometers) south 

 of the town. This establishment, liberally endowed by its founder, be- 

 cau)c the property of the town in 1847, and was enlarged by it in 1852. 



INSTRUjVIENTS : 



(«) An old repetition circle of 1 foot, by the late Baumann, at Stutt- 

 gart, giving 10" of centesimal division. 



(h) Meridian transit instrument made by the late Emil Schroedter, 

 at Diisseldorf, objective froin Munich, focal distance 2 feet, aperture 2 

 inches, little circle divided in half degrees, with nonius, 1 minute. 



(c) New equatorial instrument, by Charles Bamberg, at Berlin, in 

 use since September, 1877, objective by Dr. Sigmund Merz, at Munich, 

 focal distance 7 feet, aperture 7 inches, magnifying powers of eye-pieces 

 49 to 188. Stars of the 11.5 magnitude can be seen with it. Old reserve 

 tube, with horizontal and vertical motion, made by Merz & Sons, at 

 Munich, 1847, focal distance 6 feet, aj^erture 4^ inches. Stars of the 

 11.0 magnitude can be seen with it. 



(w) Two old sidereal-time clocks made by Utzschneider & Frau- 

 enhofer, at Munich. 



(/i) One njean-time chronometer by Kessels, at Altona, and a Swiss 

 watch. 



Some small instruments of minor importance. 



Edinburgh, Scotland. 



I. Eoyal Observatory. 



Longitude from Greenwich, 12"^ 43.05« W. 

 Latitude, 55^ 57' 23.2" N. 



Authority for longitude : 0. PiAzzi Smyth ; for latitude, Thomas Hen- 

 derson. 

 Directors: Thomas Henderson, 1833-1844. 

 0. PiAzzi Smyth, 1845. 



A preceding so-called observatory tower existed on the site, which 

 is a grassy and rocky hill-top in the midst of the city, from 177C, but 

 no observations of scientific character were ever made there. It was 

 founded by subscription, and was not completed until 1792. The pres- 

 ent observatory was projected in 1812 and erected on shares in 1812. 

 The municipality donated the ground. In 1833 the founders ceded its 

 administration to the state, and in 184G made over the ownership. 



