ASTRONOMICAL Or.SERVATORIES. 441 



re-cstablislied iu tbe round tower belonging to the university. In 1820 

 a wooden addition was made to it on the Holken bastei. Finally, iu 

 1857, it was reorganized and removed to the glacis of the fortress be- 

 tween the citadel and the Osterthor (eastern gate). 



KuLN, Prussia. 



Sfernwarte. 



Longitude from Greenwich, 27™ 5P E. 



Latitude, 50° 55' 31" :^T. 



Authority tor longitude and latitude: A. LANCASTER, Listc Generale 



des Observatoires et Astronomes, 1887. 

 Director : Dr. Hermann Klein. 



KONIGSBERG, PRUSSIA. 

 Universitats Stcrmcarte. 



Longitude from Greenwich, P' 21™ D8.9P E. 

 Latitude, 54° 12' 50.G" N. 

 Directors : Z. W. Bessels, 1811. 



A. L. Buscii, 1819. 



M. L. G. WiCHMANN 18GG. 



E. Luther, 1880. 

 Constructed in 1811 on one of the most elevated points of the ram- 

 l)arts to the northwest of the town. A main building divided into two 

 great halls — a northern and a southern. Two wings — one the meridian 

 hall, the other an addition. With the nse of a meridian circle Bessels 

 and his assistants accomplished the work known as the " Konigsberger 

 Zonen.'' This great undertaking was begun August 19, 1821, and fin- 

 ished January 21, 1833. 



Krakau, Austria. 



K. K. Vniversitats iStcriucarte. 



Longitude from Greenwich, 1^' 19'" 50.5^ E. 



Latitude, 50° 3' 50" N. 



Directors : Dr. J. B. Sniadecki, 1791-1803. 



Dr. J. I. LiTTROW, 1807-1809. 



Dr. J. Leski, 1811-1825. 



Dr. Max Weisse, 1820-1861. 

 . Dr. F. M. Karlinski, 1862. 

 The observatory, established in 1791 and partially reconstructed in 

 1858, lies in the botanical garden at the eastern extremity of the city. 

 The building, two and one-half stories high, with two domes, was origi- 

 nally not intended for an observatory, and it is impossible to mount in 

 them any larger modern instrument. 



