REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 71 



Piirsning bis explorations southward, he discovered, between 20 and 

 30 miles from the central Zniii valley, not only two caves, containing 

 sacrificial remains, but also a number of cemeteries of undoubted an- 

 cient Pueblo Indian origin. These burial places yielded perfect crania 

 and well-preserved vessels of earthenware, and in all respects save in 

 extent were identical with those of Arizona examined and reported on 

 by him during the spring of 1883. 



He explains the non-discovery heretofore of Pueblo burial places by 

 the fact that the primitive house-building Indians, although they at 

 first practiced burial by interment, must have carried the remains of 

 their dead (judgingby the cemeteries under discussion) to great distances 

 from their permanent homes; that afterward, when the present methods 

 of terraced commuual architecture (induced by defensive confederations 

 and productive of conditions and populations rendering such burials 

 Impracticable) began to prevail, " water sepulture " came into vogue. 

 This was, according to Zuiii tradition, performed by cremating the 

 bodies, then carrying the remains to sacred springs or lagunes into 

 which they were cast. Mr. Gushing returned to Washington in the 

 month of May. 



Mr. H. W. Henshaw visited California for the purpose of pursuing 

 linguistic studies in the Santa Barbara family of languages. The ra- 

 pidity with which the tribes of the Southern Califoruian coast died away 

 when brought under the sway of the Spanish missions is well known, 

 and he found only about fifty survivors of the once populous tribes of 

 this family. Several dialects have become extinct. He visited Monte- 

 rey, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, and Ventura Counties, and ob- 

 tained vocabularies of eight distinct dialects of this family, all that now 

 survive. Los Angeles and San Diego Counties were visited with the 

 view to determine the limits of the Shoshonian and Yuman families, and 

 several vocabularies of each family were collected, 



Mr. Albert S. Gatschet traveled early in August to Fort Sill, Ind. 

 T., to study the languages of the Comanche, Apache, and Kaiowa Indians 

 residing there. He then proceeded to Fort Worth, Tex., where he ob- 

 tained a large vocabulary, with texts and sentences, of the Lipan lan- 

 guage, and later to Fort Griffin to obtain similar information from the 

 Tonkaway Indians. While at the latter place, he obtained from old 

 Tonkaway Indians a vocabulary of the Karankawa Indians, a tribe said 

 to have lived over fifty years ago in the vicinity of Matamoros. This 

 appears to be new to linguistic science. A short list of words was also 

 obtained of the Han4me language, which also appears to belong to an 

 extinct tribe. 



Eeturuing to Fort Sill, Mr. Gatschet obtained further linguistic in- 

 formation on the Kaiowa language ; and after going to Anadarko, Ind. 

 T., extensive vocabularies were gained from Kaiowa, Caddo, Yatassi, 

 and Anadarko Indians, the last two being dialects of the Caddo lan- 

 guage. At Austin, Tex., historic and linguistic information relating to 



