VULCANOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY. 219 



drograiphj-, orography, and geology of the mountain. {Trans. S, S. of 

 Jcfpan^ V, 19.) 



Capt. C. E. Dutton, U. S. A., describes {Am. Jour. Sci.,xxY, 219) his 

 observations during an extended examination of the volcanoes of the 

 Hawaiian Islands. He visited the crater of Kilauea, watching the 

 action of the lava in the lakes, and reaching the conclusion that it has 

 no connection with iMauna Loa. At the latter the results of the great 

 erui)tiou of 1880-'81 were jjarticularly examined. The largest lava 

 stream from this eruption was 50 miles long and varied in width from 

 half a mile to 2 miles. Comparing Mauna Kea with Manna Loa, a 

 difference in the character of the lavas is noted, and also their abun- 

 dance of fragmental products on the former contrasted with the notable 

 absence on the latter. The other volcanoes of Hawaii, as also those on 

 Maui and Oahu, were visited, and abundant evidences of recent eleva- 

 tion were found, with marked traces also of subsidence in some por- 

 tions. 



Messrs. Hague and Iddiugs, of the United States Geological Survey, 

 have given {Am. Jour. ScL, xxvi, 222) some results of a reconnaissance 

 of several of the extinct volcanic cones of Xorthern California, Oregon, 

 and Washington Territory, made in 1870, but not hitherto published. 

 The localities described are Lassen's Peak, Mount Eainier, Mount Hood, 

 and Mount Shasta, and the article is mostly occupied with the litholog- 

 ical and chemical discussion of the rock specimens brought from these 

 mountains. These four cones present many close resemblances in the 

 character of their rocks. They are all andesite volcanoes, with extru- 

 sions of basalt breaking out upon their slopes and along the edges of 

 the plain, extending in all directions for long distances. 



SEISMOLOGY. 



The eighteenth annual report of Dr. C. W. C. Fuchs describes the 

 volcanic and seismic phenomena of the year 1882, mentioning an un- 

 important eruption of Vesuvius in January and February, the slight 

 activity of Etna and Stromboli during the spring months, and a little- 

 known eruption of Chiriqui, in Central America, in September. 



The catalogue of earthquakes includes 217 items, classified in time as 

 follows : Winter, 73 : December, 19 ; January, 30 ; February, 24. Spring^ 

 56: March, 34; April, 12; May, 10. Summer, 35: June, 5; July, 20^ 

 August, 10. Autumn, 53: September, 13; October, 28; November, 

 12. 



Additions to his previous reports are given, numbering, for 1879, 37 

 items; for 1880, 56 items; for 1881, 114 items. {Min. u. petr. Mitth., 

 1883.) 



The only earthquake of importance in 1882, as reported by Dr. Fuchs, 

 accompanied the eruption of Chiriqui, and extended throughout the 

 Isthmus of Panama and the atljacent portions of Central America and 

 the northern coast of South America. It occurred at 3^ 18°^ on the 



