GEOGRAPHY. 239 



having been discovered in some of the leading highways of commerce, 

 among others in Monomoy Passage, Fisher's Island Sound, and the East 

 Eiver, New York. Immediate information of these dangers was given 

 by the i^ublication of "Notices to Mariners." 



In pursuance of its plan for making a geographical map of the 

 United States, topographic work has been pushed forward rapidly by 

 the United States Geological Survey during the year in many different 

 localities. In the State of Massachusetts work was commenced, in co- 

 operation with the State authorities, under an arrangement by which 

 the State agreed to pay one-half the expense, making therefor an apjiro- 

 priation of $40,000. Primary and secondary locations being furnished by 

 the United States Coast Survey and the Borden survey, there remained 

 in this State only the topography proper to be done, the estimated cost 

 of which is $10 per square mile. Four parties were engaged upon this 

 work through August, September, October, and November. An area of 

 about 850 square miles was surveyed, the scale of the field-sheets being 

 ] : 30000, with a view to publication on a scale of 1 : 62500, or about 1 

 mile to an incli. 



In the Southern Appalachian region there were six topographic par- 

 ties in the field, two of which were fitted out for carrying on triangula- 

 tion as well, while the triangulation for the remaining parties was sup- 

 plied by a special triangulation j)arty. The triangulation is m this re- 

 gion based upon the Appalachian and transcontinental belts of the 

 Coast and Geodetic Survey. The topographic parties were dispersed 

 over the area in question, from Mason and Dixon's line southwestward 

 into Alabama. An area of about 18,000 square miles was surveyed in 

 the States of Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, 

 North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. This work has been done with 

 a view to publication on a scale of 1 : 125000. 



In Southwestern Missouri and Southeastern Kansas an area of about 

 14,000 square miles was surveyed, comprising the lead and zinc regions 

 of these States. The work was done with a view to publication on a 

 scale of 1 : 125000. 



A commencement was made in the State of Texas. A base line was 

 measured near Austin, from which triangulation was extended over 

 several of the neighboring counties. An area of about 4,000 square 

 miles of topography was covered, with a view to publication on a scale 

 of 1 : 125000. 



In Northwestern Arizona, Southeastern Utah, and Southern Nevada 

 several detached areas were surveyed, aggregating about 12,000 square 

 miles. This work was done with a view to publication upon a scale of 

 1 : 250000. Besides this, a detailed map was made of the region includ- 

 ing the San Francisco Mountains, upon a scale of 1 : 62500, or about 1 

 mile to an inch. During the season the triangulation in this section 

 was extended so as to form a connection between the work done by the 

 old organizations known as the Powell, Hayden, and Wheeler Surveys. 



