250 SCIENTIFIC RECORD FOR 1884. 



The first two winters were passed without loss or serious inconvenience, 

 but the summer of 1883 passing away without news of a relief ship, the 

 entire party left their camp on August 9, and were obliged to camp on 

 the western side of the channel, near Cape Sabine. Here they remained 

 till they were rescued, subsisting on what they could find of stores pre- 

 viously left in the neighborhood. Hunger and suffering reduced the 

 original number of twenty-five to seven before they were rescued, and 

 had succor been delayed but a few hours longer it is probable that not 

 one would have survived. 



The following sketch of the geographical work accomplished is largely 

 taken from a communication to Science of February 27, 1885, by Lieu- 

 tenant Greely, where it is accompanied by an excellent map of the re- 

 gions visited, and from a paper by the 'same officer read at the meeting 

 of the British Associatiou at Montreal. In the spring of 1882 an attempt 

 was made by a party, under command of Dr. Pavy, to proceed directly 

 northward from Cape Joseph Henry, but they failed to reach the eighty- 

 third parallel, owing to disruption of the polar j)ack north of Griunell 

 Land. In April, 1882, an expedition under Lieutenant Lockwood, under- 

 took to explore the north coast of Greenland. Crossing Eobeson Chan- 

 nel to Cape Sumner, a depot of provisions was established, and the ex- 

 plorers pushed on to the northeast as far as Cape Bryant, in 55°, west lon- 

 gitude, supported by three parties of men hauling provision sledges. 

 From Cape Bryant, Lieutenant Lockwood and Sergeant Brainard, with 

 an Eskimo and a dog-team, traveled across Sherard Osborn Fiord to Cape 

 Britannia, trying the depth of water midway between those capes and 

 finding no bottom at 800 feet. From Cape Britannia, which was the 

 farthest land seen by the English expedition of 1875, they pushed on 

 to the northeastward, till on May 15, 1882, Lockwood Island was reached, 

 and its latitude carefully determined by circum meridian and subpolar 

 observations as 83° 24' north. To the northeastward land was seen in 

 about 83° 35' latitude and 38° west longitude. To the southeast only a 

 mass of rounded, snow-covered mountains was seen. The entire coast 

 was extremely rugged and precipitous, but only one glacier was ob- 

 served. A remarkable feature, stretching along the coast from one 

 head-land to another, was a tidal crack in the ice, apparently marking a 

 separation between the ice of the bays and that of the ocean. Above 

 the eighty-third parallel traces of the polar bear, the lemming, and the 

 Arctic fox were seen, and a hare and a ptarmigan were killed. Eeturn- 

 ing, the same route was followed, Lieutenant Lockwood and Sergeant 

 Brainard reaching Fort Conger without mishap. 



In April, 1882, Lieutenant Greely, with three men, made a journey to 

 the interior of Griunell Lajid. Passing to the westward of Miller Island 

 by a fiord, a river was reaihed flowing from a large glacial lake named 

 Lake Hazeu. Again in June this region was visited by Lieutenant 

 Greely, who followed up the valley of Very Elver, flowing into the south- 

 west end of Lake Hazen, till on July 4 he stood on the summit of Mount 



