METEOROLOGY. 073 



M., while Coimbra has maximum at 2 p. m., minimum at 5 A. m. The 

 wind velocity for Estrella lias a maximum 30.5 kilometers per iiour at 1 

 p. M., and a minimum 20.2 at 9 p. m. The maximum wind velocity was 

 65 kilometers per hour at 3 P. m. on August 17, 1882. The prevailing 

 winds were west and northwest; the average daily evaporation was 

 15.0 ™"; the heights and forms of clouds were regularly observed; de- 

 terminations of the altitude and the altitude of cumnlus clouds under 

 which thunder-storms were in progress, gave from 5,450 to 0,750 meters. 

 {Z. 0. G. ilf., XIX, p. 423.) 



55. Prof. J. M. Pernter communicates some of the latest results of 

 observations on the summit of the Obir (2,048 meters), which show the 

 following features: 



1. The daily temperature curve is above the mean value for only one- 

 third of the whole day, and attains a maximum at about 2 p. m. in Jan- 

 uary and 4 P. M. in August. 



2. The amplitude is the same for all months of the year, and depends 

 only on the quantity of sunshine. 



3. It must be remembered that the thermometers are on the south 

 side of the observatory in a space inclosed by a double board screen ; 

 but provision has been made for a perfect circulation of air, and the 

 radiation of the screen is cut off by another screen of sheet-tin, and 

 although all this is not at all satisfactory, and some local influence is 

 probable, yet it is safe to say that the maximum occurs later at these 

 high altitudes, in confirmation of which Pernter quotes ten days of 

 hourly observations on Mount Ararat (3,333 meters). 



4. Although in Vienna the west wind has an enormous preponder- 

 ance both in frequency and total movement, yet on the Obir the south- 

 east wind has a decided preponderance, and on the Santis, as Billwiller 

 has shown, the southwest wind prevails, and the southeast is the least 

 frequent; must we not, then, conclude that the summit of the Obir lies 

 within the influence of the Italian area of low pressure, and that it is 

 too low to reach up into the southwest current that probably prevails 

 above ? 



5. The comparison of the sunshine register on the summit with that 

 at Klagenfurt, near the base of the mountain, shows at the summit a 

 maximum of sunshine between 10 and 11 A. m., but at Klagenfurt about 

 2 P. M. 



6. The total sunshine on the summit exceeds that in the valley from 

 October on throughout the winter, but during the summer months 

 Klagenfurt exceeds the summit; the number of days without sunshine 

 is about the same. On fourteen days the summit had no sunshine, 

 while the base had from one to six hours; in general, perfectly sunny 

 days are more frequent on the summit than in the valley. {Z. 0. G. 3L, 

 XIX, p. 331.) 



56. Rudolph Hottinger-Goldschmidt was born 4th of May, 1834, and 

 lived since his fourth year at Zurich, at which place he died September 



S. Mis. 33 -IS 



