METEOROLOGY. 387 



XII.— Miscellaneous rela^ ions, (a) Periodicity and sun-spots ; 

 (b) Hypsometry; (c) Biology; Botany; {d) Glaciers, and 



CLIMATES OF GEOLOGICAL EPOCHS. 



408. A. Belikoff and M. Eykatschefif, from a study of the anemograph 

 records at St. Petersburg-, conclude that although one year's record is 

 scarcely sufficient to demonstrate the ebb and flow of the atmospheric 

 tide, yet there are indications of a north and south movement during 

 the lunar day having one maximum and one minimum, and an east and 

 west movement having two maxima and minima, and therefore similar 

 to the ocean tide. (Z>.i¥.Z., i, p. 373.) 



409. E. Leyst has investigated the possible influence of the moon 

 upon the velocity of the wind as shown by the study of the St. Peters- 

 burg records for 1878. He finds a slightly greater velocity for the lower 

 culmination of the moon as compared with the upper culmination, and 

 again a slightly greater velocity for the six hours after the upper cul- 

 mination or the lower as compared with the six hours before ; he finds 

 the influence of the moon on the velocity more regular and sometimes 

 greater than that of the sun. [^N^othing is said as to the probable error 

 of the mean values as used by him, and his results are certainly very 

 anomalous.] [Z. 0. G. M., xix, p. 142.) 



^ 410. Mr. B. Stewart and W. L. Carpenter communicate to the Royal 

 Society a report on diurnal temperature ranges at Toronto and Kew, 

 compared with apparent inequalities of short period in sun spot areas! 

 They find that periods of 24 and i>G days in the sun-spot and tempera- 

 ture coincide ; the solar maximum occurs eight or nine days after the 

 Toronto maximum, and the Kew maximum seven days after the Toronto 

 and one or two before the solar. [If the phenomena occur in the order 

 Torouto-Kewsolar, then the causal connection seems very indefinite.] 

 (Nature, xxx, p. 119.) 



411. Charles Chambers, of Bombay, has investigated the relation be- 

 tween sun-spots and variations of the daily range of atmospheric tem- 

 perature; he finds the maxima of variation in daily amplitude agreeing 

 with the minima of sun-spots. By the same method he finds also vari- 

 ations parallel with the phases of the moon. 



He has also compared the daily variations of magnetic declination 

 with the sun-spots and the moon's phases, and finds an agreement be- 

 tween them. He also finds a very large periodicity in declination coin- 

 cident with the revolution of the planet Mercury about the Sun. In 

 most cases the amplitude of the above i)arallel variations seems too 

 small to be real, but in the case of Mercury the amplitude is quite 

 large. {Z. 0. G. 31., xix, p. 226.) 



412. J. Lizuar states that while the variation of the declination of the 

 magnetic needle with sun-spots has been recognized for some time, yet 

 so far as he knows, the other magnetic elements have not been com- 

 pared; he therefore compares the horizontal intensity, the vertical in- 



