620 SCIENTIFIC RECORD FOR 1884, 



acid crystallizes from ho' alcohol ia small, transparent prisms of a 

 yellowish hue. Carefully puritied material was repeatedly analyzed, 

 and the authors came to the conclusion that the composition is repre- 

 sented by the empirical formula C11H12O5. Further researches showed 

 the acid to be monobasic and led to the conclusion that it is butylene- 

 gallic acid, as shown in the formula — 



Oe^2< OH 

 [CO2H 



{Am. Ghem. Journ., vi, 50.) 



Conversion of Organic Isocyanates into Mustard Oils, by Arthur Michael 

 and George M. Palmer. — The action of phenylisocyanate on iihosphorus 

 pentasulphide yielded a liquid, boiling- between 222° and 223°, having 

 all the properties of phenyl mustard oil. The yield is almost theoretical. 

 The same oil was also obtained by the action of the sulphide on phenyl- 

 urethane. The authors believe the process is capable of generalization, 

 and that the oils may be advantageously prepared. Ethyl mustard oil 

 was obtained by an analogous process. Sulphur estimations made in 

 the products gave results close to the theoretical amounts, and their 

 behavior with aniline further established their identity. {Am. Ghem. 

 Journ.j VI, 257.) 



On Fluohenze7ie and Flnotoluene, by Paterno and Oliveri. — Schmitt 

 and Gehren described fluobenzene as a solid body, melting at 40° and 

 boiling at ]80o to 183°. Knowing that the chlorides, bromides, and io- 

 dides of benzene are liquid and boil at 132°, 155°, and 185°, respectively, 

 the authors questioned the accuracy of tiie experiments of the German 

 chemists, and repeated them. They found to their surprise that the 

 fluobenzene of Schmitt and Gehreu is nothing but i)henol. 



Paterno and Oliveri succeeded in obtaining a true fluobenzene by 

 heating in a sealed tube fluobenzene-sulphonic acid, derived from 

 paradiazophenylsulphurous acid and concentrated hydrofluoric acid. 

 Fluobenzene forms a limpid liquid, with the odor of benzene, boiling at 

 850 to 86°, and not solidifying at 20°, The analogous fluotoluene ob- 

 tained by the authors boils at 114° and has a characteristic odor of 

 bitter-almond oil. {Gazz. chim. italiana, xiii, 533.) 



Occurrence of Phenol in Finns sylvestris. — Dr. A. B. Grifl&ths announces 

 the discovery of phenol existing in a free state in the stem, acicular 

 leaves, and cones of Pinus sylvestris. The phenol was simply extracted 

 by heating with water to 80° C, stirring, and filtering. The filtrate 

 yielded six-sided prisms of phenol hydrate, which were carefully identi. 

 fled. The quantity varies with the age of the stem, the older portions 

 yielding 0.1021 per cent, and the younger portions only 0.0G54 per cent. 

 The leaves yielded from 0.0936 to O.O'ilT) per cent, and the cones from 

 0,0774 to 0.0293 per cent., a-ccording to their maturity. 



