NORTH AMERICAN INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. 571 



of certain species of plants, the divers horizons of coal strata in differ- 

 ent localities. But with the exception of a few cases of marked iden- 

 tity, as long as the observations were confined to a field of limited area, 

 he considers it is right to say that generally the data furnished by re- 

 mains of fossil plants are either insufficient or deceptive ; insufficient, 

 because the specimens of fossil plants are rarely found representing 

 such a number of species that a satisfactory comparison can be made 

 between the plants of different localities ; deceptive, because the vege- 

 tation of the coal period, like that of the present epoch, has been sub- 

 jected to great variations, according to geographical distribution or 

 local influences. Professor Lesquereux makes four distinct modifica- 

 tions of the essential characters of the pre-Carboniferous and Carbonifer- 

 ous floras. The first, comprising the Lower or j)re-Carboniferous, is per- 

 sistent in the Devonian, Chemung, and the Catskill ; the second, partly 

 marked in the Pocono, becomes modified and persistent in the sub and 

 intra conglomerate measures 5 the third pertains to the lower pro- 

 ductive coal measures from above the conglomerate to the base of the 

 barren beds of Pennsylvania; the fourth is that of the upper pro- 

 ductive coal measures, including the Pittsburgh coal and a few hun- 

 dred feet above. Of course some species of each group have a greater 

 degree of persistence, and pass from a lower to an upper stage. 



The author describes the new genus Dendrophycus and the following 

 new species : 



Dendi'ophycus desorii, Galamostacliys lanceolata, C. brevifolia, Volk- 



mannia crassa, V. fertilis, Anmdaria ciispidata, EqvAsetites gracilis, 



Neuropteris carrii, JV. ohlongifoUa, N. blissii, N. Griffithii, Odontopteris 



patens, 0. monstruosa, 0. affinis, Tceniopteris truneata, Megalopteris recti- 



nervis, Callipteridiitm rigidum, Alethopteris crassa, Pseudopecopteris his- 



pida, Pecopteris carrii, Pecopteris georgiana, Pecopteris ornata, Sphenop- 



teris communis, 8. inrnquilateralis, S. harveyi, S. {Diplothmema) tracyana, 



8. royi, 8. solida, Eremopteris cheathami, Archceopteris denticulata, A. 



sphenophyllifolia, A. macilenta, Lycopodites arborescens, L. flexifolius, L. 



lacoei, Lepidophloios dilatatus, LepidophyUum cultriforme, L. fallax, L. 



campbeUianum, L. gracile, L. minutum, L. coriaceum, L. elegans, Tceni- 



opJiyllum brevifoUum, 8igillaria Grand ^Euryi, 8. leverethii, Cordaianthus 



flexuosus, G. spicatus, G. rugosus, Gordaicarpus cinctus, Gordaicarpus sta- 



bilis, G. lineatus, Gardiocarpus dilatatus, Gardiocarpus patens, G. sped- 



osus, G. Harveyi, G. longicollis, G. ovalis, G. conglobatus, G. divergens, G. 



latior, G. crassus, G. cireidaris, (7. diplotesta, G. pusillus, Bhabdocarpus 



late-cosiatus, B. inflatus, B. sub-globosus, B. pacliytesta, B. emarginatus, 



B. tenax, B. abnormalis, B. apiculatus, Trigonocarpus adamsii, T. perpu- 



sillvii, Trigonocarpus grandis, T. starMafius, T. kansaseamts, T. multistri- 



atns, T. ampulla' formis, Garpolithes conicus, G. butlerianus, G. perpusillus, 



G- Latior, G. transectus, Dictyopliytum ramosum, Macrostacliya communis, 



M. minor, Odontopteris dilatata, Lesleya microphylla, Megalopteris dentata, 



M. serrata, Alethopteris evansii, A. robusta, Stemmatopteris microstigma, 



ll. anceps f, Bachiopteris squamosa, Lepidodendron rigidum, Knorria com- 



