ZOOLOGY. 591 



four modes arc: firfit^ by divisicu ; second, by the iustantaneous throw- 

 ing off of a small mas'^ of sarcode; ihircl, by the trausformation of the 

 body iuto flagellate mcv.ads; nwl fourth, by the formation and libera- 

 tion of minute germs. 



"By the first mode (and this is the most common), the sarcode mass 

 within the capsule withdraws its rays, constricts, and divides into from 

 two to four granular masses, which, after a varying period of rest, i)ass 

 out from the capsule and instantly shoot forth pseudopodial rays on all 

 sides, thus assuming the appearance of an Actinoplirijs sol. These Acti- 

 nophrys-like bodies after a time develop a protoplasmic stalk, or j^edi- 

 cel, by which they attach themselves, usually to the parent capsule. A 

 thin film of protoplasm is then thrown out and subtended by the rays, 

 at a sbort distance from tbe body, and tliis, by development and secre- 

 tion, becomes tbe latticed siliceous capsule. The pedicel also becomes 

 more rigid, though always retaining a degree cf flesibleness. This 

 manner of reproduction was first described by Cienkowski, the great 

 Eussian observer, and discoverer of Clathrulina clegans (see Leidy's 

 Rhizopods of North America). 



" lu the second mode of reproduction, the rays are not withdrawn, nor 

 does the body divide, but the sarcode becomes finally vacuolate, i)resent- 

 ing knob like projections. Suddenly a small mass of sarcode, usually 

 one of the knob-like projections, detaches itself, and, passing out of the 

 capsule, shoots out rays and develops, though more slowly, in the man- 

 ner above described. This contmues until the parent body is much re- 

 duced in size, when the i^ays again protrude and the animal returns to 

 its normal condition. 



"The third mode of reproduction is by the formation and liberation 

 of minute germs. In this state, also, the rays are not withdrawn, but 

 the body of the Clathrulina becomes filled with minute green particles, 

 which, even before liberation, exhibit active motion. A number ot 

 these are expelled, inclosed in a thin protoplasmic film or globular sac, 

 which bursts shortly, and the liberated germs swim away. The devel- 

 opment of these germs, after this point, is yet to be followed. 



"The/o?/>-^//- mode is still more remarkable, and is also significant in 

 bringing to light a new phase in the life history of the Heliozoa. The 

 Clathrulina, in which these phenomena were first observed, withdrew 

 its rays and divided into four parts, as in the ordinary method ; but the 

 sarcode, instead of becoming granular and of a rough surface, grew 

 smootherand more transparent. Then followed the period of quiescence; 

 in this case of five or six hours' duration, although in other instances 

 lasting three days and nights ; after which one of the four parts began 

 slowly to emerge from the capsule, a second following a few moments 

 later." 



For the further progress of the last mode of multiplication, reference 

 must be made to Miss Foulke's own communication. She thinks that 

 " this mode of reproduction secures a luoix wide spread (listributiou of 



