ANTHROPOLOGY. 681 



will not do; the word was pre-empted by Blainville for a genus of 

 Simiinae, and we should rather say Pithecanthropos. But what ignis 

 fatuus are we pursuing that becomes man or ape, according as geolo- 

 gists say man shall or shall not appear in the Miocene? If the flints of 

 Thenay are artificially wrought, that is man's work, whether it was 

 done in Eocene or post-Pliocene. Even then we are far from the first 

 man, who did not imbibe knowledge of flint dressing with his mother's 

 milk. 



ARCHAEOLOGY. 



A permanent contribution to archaeological and proto-historic litera- 

 ture is the work of Dr. Charles Eau, on prehistoric fishing, forming part 

 of Vol. XXV of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. The au- 

 thor divides his treatise into two parts,, the first relating to Europe, the 

 second to America. An appendix gives extracts fro^ the early writers, 

 Egede, Crantz, Lloyd, de Laet, de Champlain, Sagard Theodat, Le 

 Jeune, Charlevoix, Henry, Hearne, Mackenzie, Williams, Johnson, Ogil- 

 by, Josselyn, Vander Donck, Kalm, Morgan, Loskiel, DeBry, John 

 Smith, Beverly, Lawson, Brickell, Adair, Du Pratz, Wyeth, Catlin, 

 Powers, Stone, Dunn, Swan, Meares, Captain Cook, and Captain King. 



In the discussion of European fishiug, a chronological order is fol- 

 lowed. Of the Palaeolithic Age, the drift period furnishes no relics of 

 fishing implements, the cave period contributes fish-hooks, harpoon- 

 heads, and fish remains. The Neolithic and the Bronze Ages, in all 

 their periods, are rich in the evidences of great activity in this industry. 

 The second part of the volume, relating to North America, is divided 

 into chaj)ters by subjects : Fishing implements, boats, and appurte- 

 nances ; prehistoric structures connected with fishiug ; representations 

 of aquatic animals on pipes, &c. ; and artificial shell deposits. 



In the month of November, 1883, some workmen brought to Dr. Anton 

 Fritsch, from the clay behind the brewery at Podbaba, near Prague, 

 the remains of a human skull. It was taken from undisturbed brick 

 clay (loess) two meters thick, lying under one meter of dense loam, and 

 at the same level at which, about a week previously, a tusk of the mam- 

 moth had been obtained. The skull consists of the frontal bone, the 

 whole left parietal, a fragment of the right as well as a part of the left 

 temporal bone, with the petrous. The comparison of this skull with a 

 modern normal one reveals a low arch, a forehead slope of 50°, strongly 

 developed eyebrows, as in the Neanderthal skull. In the layer above 

 that containing this skull are found skeletons and artefacts of the 

 Bronze Age, while in the loess occur remains of the mammoth. Rhinoc- 

 eros tichorhihus, reindeer, and horse. Professor Schaafihausen is of the 

 opinion that there is not enough of the skull remaining to justify definite 

 conclusions. 



The horse has been so long associated with man that its history is 

 considered to be necessary to a study of human environment. The 

 horses, which constitute the genus Equus of Linnaeus, and are the sole 



