684 



SCIENTIFIC RECORD FOR 1884. 



At the fourteenth general meeting of fhe German Anthropological 

 Society, Dr. Johannes Ranke presented a bronze skull which counter- 

 feited as near as possible the human cranium, and could be subjected 

 to the same measurements. Moreover it could be filled with water, and 

 its exact contents determined. Copies of this bronze skull were sent 

 to the most distinguished cranioscopists throughout the world, for the 

 purpose of testing their methods. 



At the fifteenth meeting in Breslau, some of the results of various 

 craniometric processes were reported as follows: 



The true cubage of the bronze skull is 1,316.4 cubic cemtimeters. 



Kumber of measurement. 



1 (minimum) . 



2 



3 



4 



5 



6 



7 



8 



9 



10 (maximnm) 



Average 



Minimum 



Maxiiuum 



Difference 



Do 



Do 



Von Holder 

 (with beads). 



1,311 

 1. 312 

 1,317 

 1.319 

 1,319 

 1,320 

 1,320 

 1,321 

 1,321 

 1,323 



1, 318. 2 



1,311 



1,323 

 +1.8 

 -7.2 

 +6.6 



S^baaffhausen 

 (with millet). 



1,300 

 1, 30,5 

 1,305 

 1,315 

 1, 315 

 1,315 

 1,320 

 1, 320 

 1,320 

 1, 325 



1, 314. 3 



1,300 



1,325 



-2.1 

 -16.4 



+8.6 



Virchow 

 (small shot). 



1,300 

 1,310 

 1,320 

 1, 320 

 1,320 



1,314.0 



1,300 



1,320 



-2.4 



-16.4 



+3.6 



Dr. Emil Schmidt and Dr. Johannes Ranke subsequently measured 

 a bronze skull, whose true cubage is 1,344.5 cubic centimeters, with the 

 following result: 



J. BanJce. — Millet in 2,000 cubic centi- 



meter vessel. 



1. 



2 



3. 



4. 



5. 



1,340 

 1,340 

 1,345 

 1,347 

 1, 350 



E. Schmidt. — Shot with Broca's method. 

 Schmidt's adaptation 1,337-1,338. Dif. 

 — 6.5 to — 7.5 without adaptation, iilini- 

 mum 1.421; diiference 76.5 cubic centime- 

 ters. 



Average 1,344.4; difference ...—0.1 



Minimum .. 1,340 ; difference ...—4.5 

 Maximum . . 1, 350 ; difference . . . -j-5. 5 



Dr. Ranke made five experiments with the bronze skull by Broca's 

 method, giving average 1,345.3 cubic centimeters, minimum 1,343.3, 

 maximum 1,347. This was the best result of all. 



The British Association Anthropometric Committee. — In 1875 the Brit- 

 ish Association appointed a committee on anthropometry, of which Dr. 

 William Farr was chairman until 1878. The reports of the committee 

 are as follows : 1878, 5 p., Annual Report 182-6; 1879, 35 p., ibid. 175- 

 209; 1880, 41 p., ibid. 120-159; 1881, 48 p., iftrV/. 225-272; 1882, 3 p., 

 iUd. 278-280 ; 1883, final report, 54 p., separate. The points to which 



Ij stature ; 2, weight ; 3, chest girth ; 



inquiries were addressed are; 



