ANTHROPOLOGY. 693 



SOCIOLOGY. 



Sociological studies in our country bave been pursued in two direc- 

 tions. Under the supervision of Major Powell the study of Indian so- 

 ciology has been prosecuted with great thoroughness. Chief among 

 the students in this line are Major Powell himself and the Rev. J. Owen 

 Dorsey, the former devoting himself more especially to the philosoph- 

 ical side of the question, the latter to the phenomenal side. One of the 

 most interesting inquiries connected with these investigations, relates to 

 those influences internal and external to the tribe which have led from 

 mother right to father-right. Similar researches have been carried on 

 among Australian tribes, and reported in the Journal of the Anthropo- 

 logical Institute in Great Britain. The other direction which sociolog- 

 ical studies have taken is that which leads to the customs prevailing 

 in the early communities of Europeans settling within our territory. 

 These studies have been prosecuted especially under the patronage of 

 the elohns Hopkins University. Mr. C. Letourneau has given much 

 attention to the definition and limits of sociology and the relation of 

 race to social structure. 



A popular work of more than ordinary interest is the account of the 

 snake-dance of the Mokis, written by Captain Bourke, U. S. A., from 

 his personal observations. 



The sociological studies of Dr. Ploss have become famous through his 

 great work upon the treatment of children among savages, entitled, 

 '' Das Kind im Branch und Sitte." During the year he published an- 

 other volume, of no less interest and importance, upon the Wife. These 

 subjects are worked out with true German scrupulosity. The works 

 abound in reference to authorities. 



The ingenuity of Francis Galton was not exhausted by his invention 

 of composite photographs. During 1884 he devised not only family 

 and life history albums, but set up anthropometric laboratories. It is 

 said that when he could not persuade the people to be measured, he 

 secured his end by charging them a shilling for the privilege, carefully 

 preserving the stubs of the printed record furnished to each visitor. 



TECHNOLOGY. 



The examination of the bibliography accompanying this paper reveals 

 the fact that there is a technical side to every investigation. There are 

 certain tools of all human activities, be tin ;• food-quest, fabrication of 

 clothing or shelter, amusement, social life, or religion. Each tool and 

 each process has had its life history. The study of the life history of 

 tools and their functions is comparative technology. Mr. Simmonds of 

 London has published a dictionary of useful animals, with their prod- 

 ucts. The collectors for the Smithsonian Institution have spared no 

 pains in obtaining the vulgar and scientific names of the animals and 

 plants entering into domestic economy of savages. A very complete 



