THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 83 



of thirty men, commanded by Captain Morris, United States rifles. 

 The party was organized at camp Shawnee Reservation, on the 20th 

 of June, and proceeded up the Sandy Hill fork of the Kansas, and then 

 across to the Arkansas, and up to the Abispah. After exploring this 

 region, they crossed over on the Trincheres, and next to the Huerfano, 

 thence across the mountains to the head of the Sangre del Cristo Pass, and 

 down the valley of this stream to Fort Massachusetts. From this point 

 they passed up the valley of San Luis, through Cooachotope pass, and 

 down to Grand river of the Colorado ; along it, past the Uncompagre 

 and Aoonakara. Beyond this they struck the old Spanish trail, and 

 after crossing Green river left it and passed through Wahsatch pass, for 

 Sevier river, and down this river nearly to Sevier lake. While explo- 

 ring the regions about this lake, nearly the whole of the scientific corps, 

 consisting of Captain Gunnison, Mr. Kern, Mr. Kreutzfeldt, and several 

 other persons, were surprised by a party of the Pah Utahs, on the 

 morning of the 26th of October, 1853, and all put to death. Science 

 has much to deplore in the loss of these gentlemen, all so well known 

 previously for their intrepid zeal as explorers : Captain Gunnison, in 

 connexion with Captain Stansbury's survey of Great Salt Lake; and 

 Mr. Kern as the companion of Colonel Fremont, Captain Simpson, 

 Captain Sitgreaves, Lt. Parke, and others. Mr. Kreutzfeldt was also 

 a member of the memorable party of Colonel Fremont, which met 

 with such sad disasters in the region of his latest exploration. 



Most of the instruments and papers of the party were captured by 

 the Indians, but afterwards given up; and the command devolving on 

 Lieutenant Beckwith, he spent the winter at Salt Lake city, and in 

 the spring of 1854 proceeded across to California by a new route. He 

 returned in September, and is now engaged in completing his report. 

 He brought with him a valuable collection of specimens. 



3. Survey of the route near the 35th parallel of latitude, under Lieutenant 



WIdpple. 



The third railroad party was commanded by Lieutenant A. W. 

 Whipple, formerly connected with the survey of the Mexican boundary. 

 His party consisted of Lieutenant J. C. Ives, principal assistant; Dr. J. 

 M. Bigelow, surgeon and botanist; Jules Marcou, geologist ; Dr. C. B. 

 K. Kennerly, surgeon and zoologist ; H. B. Mollhausen, topographer 

 and artist; Hugh Campbell, astronomer ; Albert H. Campbell, engi- 

 neer ; together with Messrs. White, Garner, Hutton, Sherburne, and 

 Parke. Lieutenant Ives, with Dr. Kennerly and Mr. Hugh Campbell, 

 were detailed to go by Indianola and San Antonio, to El Paso, for the 

 purpose of securing certain instruments left there , after which they 

 joined Lieutenant Whipple at Albuquerque. The main party went 

 from Fort Smith mainly up the Canadian, and across the Llano Esta- 

 cado, to Anton Chico. Here it divided, Mr. Albert Campbell, with 

 the main party, proceeding directly to Albuquerque, via Laguna; Lieu- 

 tenant Whipple pursuing a somewhat different route ; and all the par- 

 ties, including that of Lieutenant Ives, meeting at Albuquerque, on the 

 26th of October. From Albuquerque they went over to the Little 

 Colorado, via the Pueblo of Zuni ; next by way of the San Francisco 



