REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 55 



An iiidelinite lf;i\ <• oT iilisriiic witlioiit ]>a.v wjis granted fo Mr. Frank If. Cusliiiiij; 

 in DocomluT, 188(i, in order tiiat lie niigiit organize and eondnet the iniiKtrtant e,x- 

 ploralions in sdiitiiern Arizona and the Znni country ol the Sonthw(>8t(;rn Archa'o- 

 higieal Exjx'dition estabiislied by Mrs. Mary IFemenway. of I'oston. His Kueces.st'nl 

 I'ultiiliiiciit of til is work was suddenly inlei lupled in llic winter of ISS!) by a sev<'re 

 and ])rostiat iug illness, whieii disiiblcd liiui until the sunniier of 1<S!)1. lie 

 was therefoic unai)l(^ to resume iironiiscd wi>ik (ui his (dder Zuni material for the 

 Bureau until August, 1891, when he b(\gau the preparation of a contribution in- 

 tended to a])pear in the Twelfth Anunal Report of the l^ureau, on the Zuni myths of 

 creation and nugratiou as related to the, mythic drama-dance organization, or Jutku 

 of the Znnis, and the so-called Cachina ceremonials of all Pneblo and other south- 

 western tribes. Mr. Cnshing's discoveries as set forth in this essay contirni and 

 substantiate the opinion held by the Director that all ])rimitive so-called dance cer- 

 emonials are essentially dramatic, ami they go so far as to indicate also that all 

 ])rindtiv(^ ceremonials, of whatever initnre, are essentially dramaturgic, thns making 

 his contribution of general as well as of special significance. 



In January, 1892, Mr. Cnshing again reported at Washingtcni and was regularly 

 engaged as an ethnologist of the Uurean on tlu! Isr of February, and h;is since been 

 occuitied iu elaborating his paper on the myths of the drama dances and on a 

 study of manual concepts or the influence of jirimitive hand-usages on nuuital de- 

 velopment in frhe culture growth of mankind. 



Mrs. Stevenson returned from the field w<uk befort^ mentioned iu March, 1892, and 

 was einploye<l for tlie reimiinder, of the fiscal year in ])re]>aring her field notes for 

 ])ublicatiou. 



Mr. G(a-ard Fowke was engaged during December and January in i)re])aring a, re- 

 ])ort of the season's w<n"k by him in archieology, arranging and classifying the speci- 

 mens pi'ocured, and end)odyiug in rejiorts. ])revionsly prepared, tlie results of recent 

 discoveries. 



The office work of Dr. Hoffman consisted iu arranging the material gathered dur- 

 ing the preceding field season ami in pre])aring for publication an account of the 

 Midewiwin, or so-called ''Grand Medicine Society." of the Ojibwa Indians of AVhite 

 Earth, Minnesota. This work, which forms (ure of the papers accompanying the 

 Sc\enth Annual Report, (unbraces new material ami consists of the traditions of the 

 Indian cosmogony and genesis of mankind, the "materia medica " of tli(> shamans, 

 and the ritnalOf initiation, together with the musical notation of the chants and 

 songs used. 



I Mning I lie winter and spring moidhs a delc.gat ion id' Meuomonce Indians from Wis- 

 consin visited ^^'ashington and Dr. Hofiiuan freipieutly conversed with them to ob- 

 tain information ex))lanatory of the less known ])racticcs of the Menomoncii ceremony 

 (d' the Mitawit, or their "Grand Medicine Socitd.y," for the purpose of comparison 

 with the ritual as observed ))y the Ojibwa. Iu addition a large nuiss of mythologies 

 material was obtained, as well as texts in the Menomonee languagi!. 



On returning from the field iu August 1891, Mr. James Moouey spent about ton 

 weeks in arranging his Kiowa collection for the World's Columbian Exposition, 

 writing out a series of descriptive labels, and in copying all the more im]tortant 

 <locinnents relating to the ''ghost dance" from the files of the Indian Ofiice and the 

 War Dei)artmcnt. He then again went out into the field, as above stated, returning 

 to Washington in I'eiuuary 1892. Alxmtthree months were then occnjiied in ar 

 ranging the material thus obtained and in writing the ]»relimiiiary cha])((us of his 

 report on the ghost dance. He al.so su])erinteuded the })ieparation, at the National 

 Museum, of a number (d' grou]»s of life-size figures to accomjiaiiy the Kiowa collec- 

 tion at the World's Fair. 



I.'ev. J. Owen Dorsey coutinued the arrangement of Kwa]>a texts with interlinear 

 and free translations and critical notes. He revi.sed the proof of " Omaha and I'onka 



