KKl'Olv'T ON Tin: Mlci.'A'rioN (JF JUKDS. oil! 



eertiiiuly sullice in a mca.suiL' lor tlu' wcblcrn and ccutrul poitioiis ol 

 Europe, but not for European and Asiatic Eussia. The more abundant 

 iiiatcrial of observations now a\ailable from tlie latter contiuontal di.s- 

 tricts shows tliat the coMclusions based mainly on the oro-hydro^raphic 

 conditions in the West do not fully answer for the more eastern parts 

 of the i)ala'ar('ti(' rej^ion, whei'e the ground takes another form, ^lany 

 species of binls (for examph', Ihvnidtopus, Sfrcp.sihi.s, Totanns ralhlri.s, 

 Jjimosa rufa, Phalacrocorax carho), which in western Euroi)e mi.<iiat(i 

 alouft" the seashore, breed and miiiiate also in the interior of continental 

 IJussia, along- rivers, salt lakes, and on the stepi)es. Jhnchhi (/lacialis 

 moves regularly along- the Kama and the Volga, as well as behind the 

 Tral, along- the lakes — is even said to nest here — and Avinters on the 

 Cespian Sea. These l)irds belong, therefore, in the East, to the groui> 

 .si(h)n<(rinoffuvi<>-I((cii.sf)rs. 



Accordingly, Prof. Menzbier distributes the birtls of passage in some- 

 what different manner. He thinks that glacial littoral routes do not 

 exist,* and g-r<mps the accepted routes als(> in another manner in the 

 different categories. The following table shows the respective ari-ange- 

 ments of the last-named Mriters: 



I'ahnni, lS74-7f!. MiirJihr. ISSi], 



A. /'/(»■ (rtre-s) nihjr. <t<ir. 

 I. j)cla<jii(i. 

 II. litoralcx. 1. I'iir (iires) iiiiiriiiii lihtralt'x, 



a. i/hicialcx-lit. 



h. pehi;iicii'-lif. <i. ))t laiiirir-lit, 



c. ni(iri>i(i-lit. h. ))ut)iiHi-IH. 



2. ri(r (nrfs) (iinihii')it(ili K ;\\\{\ KiihiiuiriiKt' 



litonih a. 

 1 ('. n 1(1) III (ir'nui -I'll . 

 I (I. xiihiii .-fiiir'm-liiciisti 



tliiniililes-lit. ^ 



(1. siihniarhi<i-J!i. 



I J. Jliirio-litiiniltx. 



III. I'a I unties. .'/. pa I II. si res. 

 I'l. lin- (aves) m'tgr. ferresirm. 



IV. N'arious oT<m]>siiot (listiiijiuislifd. h. ciniliiifiiliilcs. 



After Prof. Men/bier lias in tliis way fOiisidere<l and group«Ml his mi- 

 gration routes from the standpoint of their peculiar to])ographical char- 

 acter, he dicusses them with regard to their geograithical ])osition. 

 The author designates on two mai)s the rimtes of Kuropean Ilussia 

 found by him, basing his work on his consid<'ral)ly greater material 

 from that country — greater because new observations were at his dis- 

 posal, and above all because he has brought nu)re southern species 

 also within the scope of his investigation. 



The cpnistion therefore is less about routes of individual si)ecies, for 

 the author himself says ([). .'520) he has i)aid little attention to such. 



*Hi8 report of my division of the catefjory •' v'kv pelagicw" (ji. 6) is not correct. 



