524 PRIMITIVE INDUSTRY. 



evidence of what he called "Aiitedeluvian Man." It was disputed, 

 first, that they were not of human manufacture. M. Mantel, an English 

 geologist of some celebrity, once read an extended })ai)er before one of the 

 scientific societies of London to prove they were not. The fact of their 

 discovery was disputed, the location had to be identified and established ; 

 and it was not until 1859 (thirteen years or more), that the conclusion as 

 aforesaid was accepted, and then only after the investigation of a joint 

 committee of fifteen prominent scientists, half from ]*]ngland, half from 

 France, which met on the ground and were fortunate enough to find 

 some specimens in situ. Since then the belief in the genuineness of their 

 evidence as high antiquity of man has been accepted by all men. It 

 was soon after the discoveries of M. Boucher de Perthes and those of 

 M. Lartet of the caves of southern France, that Sir John Lubbock, 

 noting the difference between this industry and that of the dolmens 

 and polished stone hatchets of Denmark and other countries, and that 

 they all belonged to the Stone age, took upon himself the division of 

 that age into periods, of which he named the former Paheolithic, that 

 is, the early period, and the other the Neolithic, or the later period of 

 the Stone age. Thus it will be perceived that the existence of a 

 Paheolithic period, the evidence of the occupation of that country by 

 man in a period of time earlier than the Neolithic, was as much opposed, 

 and required as long a time to secure a favorable settlement as has 

 the discoveries of J)r. Abbot of similar implements in the Trenton 

 gravels. From France and England the new evidence concerning the 

 antiquity of man spread to other countries, and it was found that 

 similar implements existed in nearly every country in the world. They 

 have been found in Spain and Portugal. Mr. H. C. Mercer, a gentleman 

 from Philadelphia, while at Madrid during the last exposition in 1892, 

 visited one of the gravel beds of the neighborhood, San Isadore, where 

 tliese implements were said to have been found, and he discovered one 

 in place which he declares impossible to have been other than an 

 original deposit. He secured all evidence by photographs, plaster 

 casts, etc. So also of Italy. They liave been found in various locali- 

 ties and are to be seen in the museums of different cities. Prof. H. W. 

 Haynes, of Boston, found the same kind of implement on the left baidv 

 of the Nile, not in the alluvial deposit, but in an eroded gully or water- 

 way in the original gravelly deposits. Christian missionaries to the 

 Holy Land have found and reported similar implements, and they are de. 

 l)osited in the museum at Paris. Two great stations in Hindostan were 

 also disclosed, — one near Madras, in southeastern Hindostan, and the 

 other in Nerbuddu, on the northwest coast. In many of these 

 cases such implements were deposited deep in the gravel together 

 with the bones of extinct animals, accompanied only by their neces- 

 sary debris of chips, hammers, flakes, etc.; and except certain im- 

 l>lements, the hammer, scraper, and leaf-shaped blade, which, from 

 their nature, belonged to both periods, nothing was found which 



