528 PRIMITIVE INDU8TKY. 



the cave nicu were iu tiuy way repiescuted by the Neolithic tribes wlio 

 are the first to appear in prehistoric Europe. The former ])ossessed 

 no domestic animals, just as the latter are not known to liave been 

 acquainted with any of the extinct species, witli the exception of the 

 Irish P^lk. The former lived as hunters, unaided by the dog, in Britain, 

 while it was part of the continent; the latter ai)pear as farmers and 

 herdsmen after it became an island. Their states of culture weie 

 wholly different. We might expect on a priori grounds that there 

 would be an overlap, and that the former would have been absorbed 

 into the mass of the new-comers. There is however no evidence of 

 this. - - - 



From the facts at present before us, we may conclude that they be- 

 long to two races of men, living in Europe in successive times, and 

 separated from each other by an interval sufldciently great to allow of 

 the above-mentioned changes taking place in the physical conditions 

 of Britain." - - - 



Sir John Evans, iu "Ancient Stone Imidements of Great Britain,'' 

 page (il8, says: 



"There ai)i3ears in Britain to have been a complete gap between the 

 river drift and surface-stone periods (that is to say, the Paheolithic; and 

 Neolithic periods); so far as any intermediate forms of implements arc 

 concerned ; and here at least, the race of men who fabricated the latest 

 of the Paheolithic implements may liave, and in all probability had, 

 disappeaned. at an ei)0ch remote from that when the country was again 

 occupied by those who not only chipped out but polished their Hint 

 tools, and who were moreover associated with a mammalian fauna far 

 nearer resembling that of the present day than that of the Quatenary 

 times." 



M. Gabriel de Mortillet, in "Le Prehistorique," page 470, discussing 

 the difference between the Palieolithic and Neolithic periods, says the 

 former belonged to the Quaternary geologic period while the latter 

 belongs to the present or actual periods. "Between these two epochs 

 there are differences every where ; there exists a veritable revolution." 

 And he puts these differences, one against the other, in the form of a 

 table. 



In the later epoch of the Paheolithic period the climate was cold and 

 dry with extreme temperatures; while iu the Neolithic period the cli- 

 mate was temperate and uniform. 



In the Paheolithic period were living many great fossil animals like 

 the cave bear, the giant beaver, and, most plentiful of all, the mam- 

 moth; in the Neolithic period all these were exti'.sct. Out of 48 well- 

 ascertained species living iu the Paheolithic period in France, and 

 Eughind, only 31 were continued in the Neolithic period. 



Of the animals living in the center of Europe on the plains, and as- 

 sociated with man in the Palieolithic period, no less than 18 were cold- 

 loving. In the Neolithic period, 13 of them, such as the reindeer, 

 antelope, musk ox, blue fox and white bear, emigrated to cold countries 

 by latitude; while five, the chamois, marmot, wild goat, and others 

 have emigrated to cold countries by altitude, going up the mountains^ 



