PRIMITIVE INDUSTKY. 581 



giiivt'liit Tieutoii, luiviiigbeen dug out ;iud transported as railroad bal- 

 last. I visited this station on tlie excursion of the International Pre-his- 

 toric Congress at Paris in 1880, and there listened to an acrimonious 

 discussion as to the precise locality in whicli the r<'spective kinds of 

 implement had been found, as for example what kinds were found at 

 the top, and what kind at the bottom of the deposit; and it was there 

 made apparent notwithstanding that the ten thousand implements 

 obtaiiu'd from that dejwt, the princi})al <lisputants, the leaders of 

 opposing schools, those who had devoted their utmost time, care, and 

 attention, to the investigation of these implements and the theory of 

 antiquity and civilization to be based thereon, none of them had ever 

 found these implements in place. jVI. Boule, himself a noted geok)gist, 

 a close observer, and an ardent investigator, interested in this branch 

 of study, makes the same declaration in the last number of the . 4n//<)'o- 

 poloijlst. As it is made since his visit to the r'nited States, and bear- 

 ing upon this dis(nission, I may be i)einiitted to (piote his opinion as to 

 the want of value in the objection made that other i>ersons than Dr. 

 Abbott have not found these implements when they sought them in the 

 Trenton gravels. M. Boule says, in the last number of V Anthropolofiie, 

 vol. IV, !>. 38, in reporting his visit to the United States during the 

 last international geologic congress: 



"I did not myself find any of these chipped stone implements during 

 my excursion to the gravel pit at Trenton, but there is a similar locality 

 in the neighborhood of Paris, very rich in implements — in Chelles for 

 example — where 1 ha\e been many rimes ami my searches liave always 

 been infructuous ; but the deposit of gravel ])iesents entirely the same 

 topographic and stratigraphic dis]»ositi(»n of the ])alaM>lithic alluvium 

 of the noith of Prance and south of I'^ngland." 



This ])roposition will be bettei* understood when the conditions are 

 once exi>hiined. Tiic <le]»ot at ('hellesisin the neighborliood of 100 

 acres area, 4:4,(M>() square feet to an acre, 100 times that to 100 acres in 

 surface measure. If the gravel bank be 1*0 feet deep, it would be twenty 

 times that number, 88,000,000 cubic feet of gravel. I have said 1,000 

 implements; there may have been 10,000 such implements found at 

 Chelles, which, scattered among 88,000,000 cul)ic feet of gravel, will giv^e 

 an average of one implement to (nvry 8,800 cubic feet oi" gravel. Some- 

 times they are bunched so that oiu' may find a dozen in a single pocket, 

 or a hundred in a single day, but this only decreases the chances of 

 finding them Avithin any specified time. This exidains M. Boule's state- 

 ment that a man may stay there and watch the diggers for a. week 

 without tindmg a single inqdement — this too in a gravel bank which 

 furnished 10,000 implements. I do not give these figures as exact. 

 They are only to vserve as illustrations. I do not know that there were 

 just 100 acres, and 1 only si>eak tiom remend)rance of its appearance 

 when 1 estimate its depth at 1*0 feet, and I only <'stimate 10,000 imple- 

 ments as having been found there. 



M. deMortillet has made ;i similar estimate with regard to St. Acheul, 



