ENDOWMENT FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. G35 



tuvr ill piililicatioiis is about >'lL', .">()(> a year. iJiidcr I'rof. Ilcmy a 

 j^dod (leal was doiii' in ivsoarch. Liider Piol". Laiiiilcy, llio i)rt'seiit 

 (lirec'tor, astro ))liysieal rcscan-h is carried on. Besides the direct 

 scientific work of the Institution, however, its intluence has been vevy 

 great, especially in its relations with the other departments at Wash- 

 ington, and as a medium for the prosecution of other scientific enter- 

 jn-ises, under authority of Congress. Many of the a])propriations of 

 Congress for scientific expeditions for researches in ethnology, pala'ont- 

 ology, chemistry, and physics have been due to the presence and co-op- 

 eration of the Smithsonian Institntion. For ethnologic researches 

 alone, during the last twelve years, under the administration of the 

 Smithsonian, C<mgress has appropriated $4:00,000; to paheontologic 

 researches within the last three years, 8100,000; to chemical and ithys- 

 ical research, 8(»S,000; and to astro-physical research, $10,000. Be- 

 sides these, there have been for many years appropriations for main- 

 taining the important investigations of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, 

 ami of the Weather ]>ureau in Meteorology; and for the great scien- 

 tific work of the Naval Observatory, and of the various scientific divis- 

 ions of the Agricultural De]>artment and of the Geological Survey. 

 Our (Government has been by no means inactive in science. 



The principal American scientific associations, omitting those of 

 com])aratively recent origin, are the American Philosophical Society of 

 riiiladelphia, originally founded in 1744; the American Academy of 

 Arts and Sciences at Boston; the Boston Society of Natural History; 

 the Academy of Natural Sciences, and the Franklin Institute, at Plul- 

 adeli)hia; the latter founded in 1<S24 (see JoKviial, vol. T, i)p. 71, 120); 

 the New York Academy of Sciences (a continnation of the Lyceum of 

 Natuial History); the National Academy of Science at Washington, 

 founded in ISO.'i; and the American Association for the Advaiu-ement 

 of Science. Of these, the Philosoidiical Society has ])ublished 29 vol- 

 umes of its Trmusactioois; the Ameri<'an Academy, 20 volumes of 

 Tranmctionn and quarto volumes oi Memoira ; the Boston Society of 

 Natural History, 2o volumes, at a cost of about $G00 per year; the 

 Academy ol" Natural Science of Philadeli)hia, 48 volumes of Proceed- 

 ings and 12 quarto volumes of its Jovrnal^ at an average cost of about 

 $1,000 ])er year; the l^'ianklin Institute, l.'J.j volumes of its Journal; 

 the New York Academy and its predecessor, about 30 volumes of 

 Tro.nsaction.s and Annals; the National Academy, 3 (juarto volumes of 

 Memoirs and some volumes of Proceeflings: and the American Associ- 

 ation for the AdvaucenuMil of Science, about 40 volumes of Proceed- 

 inf/s. 



The latter society had in 1S91 a "Eesear(;h Fund " of $5,2.14. {Pro- 

 eredin</s 1801, p. 441.) None of the other societies, so far as I can find, 

 lias any fund specially devoted to research, or makes any specific 

 api)ropriations therefor. The National Academy and the Academj^ of 

 l'hiladeli)hia have each some funds for their support, and the latter also 



