TiiH ixvK.NTOKs ()F Tiii: ti:le(;kai'ji anj) ti:lei'Hom:. (>!'> 



of a ciiciiit. would iiiaiiiicd/.t' steel iiccdU^^. In tlic saiiif year -M. 

 Aia^d tomid tliat a w ire conveyinj^' an cleetrie current attracted iron 

 filings, and in ISL'l, the law of the variation of niaunetic force with 

 varyiiiii' distance from the wire was invcstigaled l>y I'.arlow. In IS2r», 

 Stur<ieon found that a bar of soft iron was reudered teni]>orariIy iiiaj;- 

 n«'tic il' surrounded by a helix of wire tlironuh whi<-h an ele<'tric cur 

 rent was ](assin<i. in tlie year 1Sl>7. ( )lnn i>roi>onnded his i-elebiated 

 law of the condnction of currents. In 1S31, Faraday in Enjiiand, and 

 Henry in America, discovered the induction of currents by currents 

 and by inajiuets. We see i'roni these h'adiiii;- facts that in the twehc 

 years succeeding;' Oersted's discov<'ry the knowledge of electricity and 

 of magnetism in tin- directions important for teh'g'iaphic ai>i)lication 

 was \er.\ great, and we siiall see that it (juickly bore frnit. 



Schilling's telegiai)h was exhil)ite(l at a meeting of (ierman natu 

 lalists held at Bonn in is;ij., and was there seen by Prof. Muncke, of 

 Heidelberg, who, after his return to Heidelberg, made iiKxlels of 

 the telegrai)h and exhibited them in his class room. These models 

 were seen by Cooke in the early part of 1830, ami gave him the idea 

 of introducing the electric telegrai)h in Knglan<l. Cooke iinmediat<dy 

 set to work to construct a telegraph on a similar plan, and worked out 

 a three-ne«'dle system of signals, which has been to some extent con- 

 founded with the live-needle telegraph afterwards ])ateiite<l and 

 introduced by him m conjunction with Wheatstone. While arrang 

 iug for experiments on tlu^ Loudon and Manchester Railway. 

 Cooke was introduced to Wheatstone, and afterward consulted him 

 as to difliculties he had met with in his exi)erimeiits. A partnersldp 

 soon followed, which led Wheatstone to devote considerable attention 

 to the subject. The result has been the prodnction of a considerable 

 variety of telegra[)hic ai)i)aratus of great value and ingenuity. 



Steinheil was anticipated in the idea of making the electric tele- 

 graph self recording by Morse, of New York, who, according to a con 

 siilerable amount of evidence brought forward by M(U-se himself, 

 thought out some arrangement as early as l<s;>L*. Exactly what .Morse's 

 first uleas were seems somewhat (hmbtful, and he did nothing till IS.'JS, 

 when he made a rough model of an electro magin'tic r(HM>rding tele- 

 graph. This telegraph consisted essentially of a pendulum, which 

 carried a marking pencil on its lower end, and which could be detlected 

 by an electro-magnet. The detiections of the ]>endulum were recorded 

 on a band of ])aper, wliicii was moved forward by clockwork under 

 the ])endnlum, and simple combinations of detiections were to rei)re 

 sent numbers. The inter]>retation of the message was to be made by 

 means of a telegraphic di<-tionary, in which the words. ])hrases or sen- 

 tences were to be numbered. There was no hint at this time of the 

 alphabet with which we are now so familiar as the "Morse Code" or 

 the 'Olorse Aljihabet." This alphabet now almost universally used 

 and which has ]>robably (hnie more than anything else toward ])erp<'t- 



