TIIK TNVKNTORa i)!' THE TIlLlXiKAril A.NIJ TLLEl'IlUNJ;. C")) 



Used was iii\ ciiIimI in iSM; Ity IJoyal !<',. House, of NCnnoiil . Tliis 

 iiisnuiiiciit was i\si'i\ U,v some time in tlic I'liitcd States, and was 

 bioiiiilit to a coiisideraMc <le<:ree of ]>eife<'tioii. It worked on tlic stei>- 

 by-step principle and was j>atented in IS4(I. .Vnotlier type piiiitiii.n' 

 teIegTa])li of jiicat injienuity was inxciited l)y 1). K. Ilii<iii<s. of l\eii- 

 tiicUy. This a])paratus eiidxxlies many of tii<' featnres of the ai)pa 

 latiis nsed at present m this connlry. wliieh is a ino<lifieation of 

 llu.iihes"s instiiiinent due to Me. IMielps. TheHuiihes instniineiit is 

 still largely used in !•' ranee and to some extent in other l']uro]>eaii 

 countries. The Hughes patents in this couiiti\ were puicha.sed in ISrwj 

 by the Ainericau Telegra]»h ( '(tini)aii\'. and the apjtaratus has niider- 

 g(»ne snccessi\e modification at the iiands of Mr. IMielps. tending- 

 tow ards simplilication, a(;curacy of worising, and increased speed. 

 One of th<' latest modidcations is known as the l*h<'l])s's EI<M'tro-. Motor 

 Telegra])li. in wliicli the mechauisni isdri\eii by means (»f an electro- 

 motor whi<'h. running at a high speed, allows the clock-work train to 

 be short and light. The i)iineiple heic used is the synchronous n)o\ c 

 mentof a Iransmilting shaft on the transmittci- and type-wheel of the 

 receiver. .Sychronism isobtamcil by a governor, and continuous i-apid 

 motion is kept uj). The letter ]>rinted is regulated by the position of 

 the transmitting shaft w hen tiie circuit is closed, this |)osition being 

 umler the control of the operator. Phelps is also the inventor of stock 

 telegia])lis and pri\ate lin<' printing telegra]>hs, and. besides his sind 

 lar instruments have been inxcnted l>y Laws, Calahan. dray, and 

 others. These instruiin'nts work on tln^ step-by stej) juinciple and all 

 of them are l>eautifid specimcMis of mechaidsm and scientific ingenuity. 

 .Another system of recoi'ding telegraph jnessages re(piires notice — 

 that IS the chemical method. \\Clia\cseen that \ery early in tele- 

 graphic history the decomi)osition of li(piids and of solutions of salts 

 were made th(^ basis of telegraphs. [| was soon found that a ribbon 

 of ])a]»er or cloth saturated with certain chemicals could be \-ery lead- 

 ily marked by the passa.ge through tlu'in (»f the eh'ctiic current. One 

 of Morse's tirst ])Ians appears to have been a chemical telegraph, but 

 that, 1 belie\e, was nexer worked out. The first patent for such a 

 telegraph was given in England to Edward l>a\y in is;>,s. l)iit the sys- 

 tem never cann- into practical use. It was comi)licated in construc- 

 tion and re(|uired four line wires. On«» interesting feature was the 

 use of an (dectro-magnetic escai)ement for mo\ing the paper, an id«'a 

 which had occurred to Cooke and to W'heatstone some years earlier. 

 Tin' tiist successful chemical telegrai)h was due to Bain, (»f Edinburgh, 

 and was patented in ISU;. In this system it wasproi>osed to transndt 

 the message by an automatic transmitter, using a i>unched slip of 

 ]>a])er to regulate the contacts. Souw difficulties w ith the nu'chanical 

 operation of ])rei)aring the lu^cessary stencil slips i)revent(Ml this l)eing 

 very snccessfnlly nsed. but the chemical record was used for some 

 years both in Englaml ami America. \N'ith the appaiatus in)W available 



