534 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 



1961) and of the otter by Maxwell (1961), suggest that animals may 

 be more human than we have been willing to admit. After all, we 

 have a common ancestry. 



Smce most of our body structures and our mental faculties have 

 been evolved from our animal progenitors, it is reasonable to suppose 

 that the sensation of awareness arose in some form of life much lower 

 in the scale of evolution than ourselves. Perhaps consciousness began 

 as an adjunct to instinct, but having a high survival value of its own, 

 it underwent evolutionary improvement, gradually eliminating the 

 need of instinct. Finally, consciousness became the basis of the higher 

 mental faculties, and set us apart, at least some of us, from all the 

 other animals. 



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