196 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1898. 



bronchi, which, when present, are usually very short, but are elongate 

 in the Thecaglossa. Laryngeal cartilages only specialized as to the 

 terminal one which forms a pair of shell-like arytenoids, which bound 

 the rima glottidis. 



5. UROGENITAL, SYSTEM. 



Testes single, situate well anterior to the cloaca. Ovaries occupying 

 a corresponding position. Oviducts transversely plicate when empty, 

 with nonplicate borders, and with fontanelle a little anterior to position 

 of ovaries; orifice into vagina small; vasa deferentia convolute, adher- 

 ent to kidneys. Kidneys posterior, symmetrical; ureters short. Uri- 

 nary bladder generally present, but rudimental in some and absent in 

 a few forms, as, for instance, the Teiidse. 



The male iutromittent organ or hemipenis presents much variety of 

 structure, showing some parallels to the corresponding part in the 

 snakes. It is, however, rarely spinous, as is so generally the case in the 

 Ophidia, the only spinous forms being, so far as I have examined, the 

 American Diploglossina? and genera allied to Cophias. The higher 

 Sauria have the apical parts modified as in the Ophidia by the pres- 

 ence of calyculi. Such are characteristic of the Ehiptoglossa and 

 Pachyglossa. The Nyctisaura possess the same feature. The Diplo- 

 glossa, Helodermatoidea, and Thecaglossa have the organ flounced, the 

 flounces often pocketed or repand on the margin. In the Leptoglossa 

 we have lamiuje only ; in the Teiidte mostly transverse, and in the 

 Scincidse mostly longitudinal. In various genera terminal papillae are 

 present. The organ may be simple or bifurcate, or merely bilobate. I 

 have not met with the case so common in Ophidia where the sulcus 

 spermaticus is bifurcate and the organ undivided. 



The structures of the hemipenis have a constant systematic value. 

 As in the Ophidia, the value differs with the character, but it varies 

 from generic to superfamily. 



6. TEaUMENTARY SYSTEM. 



This includes the dermal, the mucous, and the serous structures. I 

 give attention to the serous or i)eritoueal membrane, which presents a 

 considerable variety of structure among the Sauria. 



A fold suspends the alimentary canal from the median dorsal line forming the 

 dorsal mesentery. No other mesenteries hind the canal, except the stomach, and 

 sometimes an adjacent portion of the small intestines, which have other connections. 

 The liver, on the other hand, has several mesenteric connections, as follows: Its 

 ventral face has usually a single sheet connecting it with the median ventral line, 

 but in rare instances it is bifurcate posteriorly (Trachysaurus), or even double 

 (Tiliqua). This sheet, or, one of them, is continued along to the anterior abdominal 

 artery to the ventral wall, and sometimes along the gall duct to the pyloric part of 

 the small intestine. Each border of the liver is concave above, in adaptation to the 

 lungs, in the types where they extend so far posteriorly, which is the usual arrange- 

 ment. The median portion of the liver is concave above, usually in adaptation to the 

 stomach. From the left-hand ridge thus produced a sheet or mesentery extends to 

 the stomach, forming the gastrohepatic mesentery. From the right-hand superior 

 angle a mesentery extends to the right dorsal body wall, forming the right hepatic 



