CROCODILIANS, LIZARDS, AND SNAKES. 1201 



sioiis of Nearctic, Pahvaictic, and Indian into one, for which the name 

 Arctogiiea is a])propriate. The incloisaie of his Ethiopian division in 

 it, as proposed by Hnxley, does not seem to me to be i)roper, in view 

 of the important types of fishes and reptiles which characterize it; for 

 instance, the Crossoi)terygian, Dipnoan, and Scyphophoroiis fishes, and 

 the Pleurodire tortoises. In the tishes, indeed, tlie Etlnoi»ian region has 

 as mnch affinity with the Neotropical fauna as with any other, in its 

 Characinid and (^ichlid fiimilies, and in the Dipnoan subclass. The pres- 

 ence of the Dipnoi and the IMeurodire tortoises allies it to the Australian 

 fauna as well. It is for these reasons that Professor Gill proposes to 

 combine the southern hemisphere realms into a single "Eoga'an" 

 division. The northern athnities of the Ethiopian Kealm are, however, 

 too many to permit us to regard this arrangement as a just expression 

 of the facts. Thus, it has Insectivorous Mammalia, Firmisteruial 

 Anura, and Cyprinid fishes, none of which are Australian or Neotro- 

 pical types. The course that remains under the circumstances is to 

 regard the Ethiopian Kealm as fully distinct from the other three. 

 The definitions of the four primary divisions are then as follows: 



The AustraUan Bcalm is peculiar in the absence of nearly all types of 

 Mammalia, except the Orniihodelphia and the marsupials; in the i)res- 

 ence of various Ratite birds, in great development of the Proteroglyx)h 

 serpents, and absence of the higher division of both snakes and frogs 

 (thitt is, Solenoglypha and Pirmisternia); in the existence of Dipnoi 

 {Ccratodus) and certain Isospondylous families of fishes. On the other 

 hand, many of the lizards and birds are of the higher types that prevail 

 in India and Africa, namely, the Agamida' and the Oscines. 



The Neotropical Realm only possesses exclusively the Platyrhine 

 monkeys and the great majority of the humming birds. It shares 

 with the other southern regions the Edentate and Tapiroid mammals: 

 Ilatite, Pullastriue, and Clamatorial birds; Proteroglyph snakes; Igua- 

 uid Sauria, the Agamids being entirely absent; Arcilerous frogs; and 

 Characinid, Chromid, Osteoglossid, and Dipnoan fishes. It has but few 

 types of the northern regions; these are a few bears, deer, and oscine 

 birds. Insectivorous Mammalia, Viperid ser[)ents, and Ginglymodous, 

 Ilalecomorphous, and Cyprinid fishes are wanting, except on the north- 

 ern border. 



The Ethioinan Realm is that one which combines the prevalent features 

 of the Arctogiiean Realm with the southern hemisphere types already 

 mentioned, together with some found elsewhere only in the Indian region, 

 and a very few peculiar. The two latter classes not being mentioned 

 elsewhere, they may be here enumerated. This region shares, with the 

 Indian alone, the Catarrhine monkeys, theElephautidu', Rhinocerotidic, 

 Nomarthrous Edentata, and Chameleons. Its peculiar tyi)es are the 

 Lemuridas llippopotamidu', and Protelida-, Cryptoproctida'. and llyra- 

 coidea among mammals, and Polypterida' and Mormyrida- among fishes. 

 It possesses in common with the Neotropical Realm Characinid, Cichlid, 



NAT MUS 98 70 



