CROCODILIANS, LIZARDS, AND SNAKES. 1203 



of the Holarctic. As the name Souorau has been previously j^iven by 

 me to one of tlie districts of this legiou, I have preferred to use for it 

 the name given by ]>lanford. 



The faunal characteristics of these regions may be enumerated as 

 follows: 



Tndimi Region. — Presence of Ilolostomatous fishes. Absence of 

 (iiiiglyniodous, Ilalecomorphous, and Sahiiouid fishes. Presence of 

 Cu'ciliid Patrachia. Absence of Trachystoinatous. Amphiumid, Cryp- 

 tobranchid, and Arciferons Patrachia. Presence of Agamid lizards, 

 and Angiostomatous and Vi[)erid snakes. I'resence of Phasianid, 

 Euryhemid, JSTectariniid, and Pittid birds. Absence of Tyrannid and 

 of several nine-quilled oscine families. Presence of Nomarthrous 

 Edentata, of Viverridie, Hya-nida', Tupauida^, and Tarsiidu'. Presence 

 of Rliinocerotida', Tapirida-, Proboscidia, Catarrhine (^nadrumana, 

 and Anthropomori)ha. Absence of Didelphyidte, Procyonida-, and 

 Scalopidffi. 



Holarctic Region. — Absence of llolostomatons and Halecomorphous 

 fishes. Presence of Ginglyniodous and Salmonid fishes. Absence of 

 Trachystomatous, Amphiumid, and (Ju-ciliid Batrachia, and absence 

 of the Arcifera, except the family J^iscoglossida' (two species of ffi/la 

 excepted). Absence of Angiostomatous and presence of Viperid 

 snakes. Presence of Phasianid, and absence of Euryhemid, Necta- 

 riuiid, Pittid, and Tyrannid birds, and of several nine quilled oscine 

 families or subfamilies. Absence of Nomarthrous iulentata, of \'iver- 

 ridte, Uyamida', Tup;eiida^, lihinocerotida', Tapirida', Proboscidia, 

 Quadrumana, and Anthropomorpha (except Homo). 



Medicolumhian h'a/ion. — Absence of Ilolostomatous fishes; presence 

 of Ginglyniodous and Ilalecomorphous fishes. Presence of Trachy- 

 stomatous, Ami)hiumid, Arciferons, and Eirmisternial Batrachia, 

 and absence of Ca'ciliida*. Presence of Iguanid, and absence of Aga- 

 mid and Chamadeonid lizards; absence (except three species) of Angio- 

 stomatous and of Vii)erid snakes. Absence of the Indian types of 

 Passeres mentioned, and presence of Tyrannid Clamatores, and several 

 groups of nine-<iuilled Oscines (Icterida-, Mniotiltidu', Tanagridu'). 

 Absence of all the s[)ecially Indian INIannnalia, and of the Holarctic 

 Erinaceida', and presence of Didelphyidic (one species), Talpida*, and 

 Procyonidai. 



In defining these regions 1 have restricted myself necessarily to types 

 of tolerably high rank, and have not referred to species. This is 

 because species are not generally characteristic of entire divisions, but 

 only of parts of them. One can not, however, be absolutely exact in 

 su(;li major definitions, since a number of the conspicuous tyi)es in each 

 are not universally distributed over these areas. 



In comparing the Ilolarctic with other realms, I have already referred 

 to the number of types which it i)osscss(^8 in common with the Ethi- 

 o[)ian, not found in the Neotropical. It has also several in common 



