210 REPOKT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. 



(V. K. Chesnut, 1902), while the juice, which turns black rapidl}^ on 

 exposure to air, is the source, according to J. ^V. Hudson, of a 

 d}' e sometimes used to stain the purest black strands of the Pomo 

 basketry . 



Rlius trilobata. Threeleaf Sumac. 



SF-i-bi (Moki). 

 Chn-chin (Navaho). 

 Tseh^ kan^-i (Apache). 



Among the desert Indians the slender branches of this bush are 

 used extensively, perhaps more extensively than an}^ other plant 

 except willow, in the manufacture of their baskets. For warp the 

 peeled branches are used. , For weft and for the sewing material of 

 coiled baskets the branch is usually split into three strips and the bark 

 and brittle tissue next the pith removed, leaving a flat tough strand. 

 The use of the threeleaf sumac has been noted among the Apache, 

 Panamint, Paiute, Navaho (W. Matthews, 1886), Moki (W. Hough, 

 1898), and Coahuilla (D. P. Barrows, 1900). (See Plate 8.) 



Salix. Willow. 



Brancnes from various undetermined species of Avillow were widely 

 used among the western Indians, probably more generally than any 

 other plant, particularly in the various forms of coarsen* baskets. 

 Among the tribes in which travelers have recorded the manufacture 

 of willow baskets, in addition to those given below under the identified 

 species of willow, are the Mission, Mohave, Coahuilla, Cocopa, Yuma, 

 and Coconino Indians of Arizona and southern California; the Zuni 

 of New Mexico; the Hupa, Yurok, Modoc, Chimariko, Gualala, Nishi- 

 nam, and Yokut of northern and middle California, and the Tinne 

 of the Yukon Valley, Alaska. The split roots of willow are sometimes 

 used for the weft in beginning the hat baskets of the Hupa Indians. 

 (P. E. Goddard, notes.) 



Salix argophylla. Willow. 



Bam ka-le^ (Pomo). 



The Pomo Indians near Ukiah, California, consider this their best 

 willow for the manufacture of coarse baskets. (V. K. Chesnut, 1902.) 



Salix lasiandra. . Willow. 



A willow, which is referable to Salix lasiandra in its broad sense, is 

 used to some extent by the Panamint Indians of Inyo County, Cali- 

 fornia, in their twined 1)askets, and by the Apaches of the White 

 Mountain Reservation, Arizona. 



Sambucus mexicana. Elder. 



The Coahuilla Indians of San Diego County, California, give a deep 

 black color to strands of the threeleaf sumac, used as a sewing mate- 



