ABORIGINAL AMERICAN BASKETRY. 



419 



Clark dc8cri])od them as "made of cedar bark and ]>oar -rass mter- 

 Avovon in the form of a European hat Avith small ])rim. They formed a 

 a small artic-le of trathe with the whites, and their manufacture is one 

 ^f the best exertions of Indian industry.'- They say tliat ^the only 

 coverin<^ for their head is a hat made of bear -rass and the bark ot 

 cedar interwoven in a cone form with a knob of the sanie shtipc at 

 the top. The colors are generally biack and white only and the 

 desi<nis are squares, triangles, and rude figures of canoes and seamen 

 harpooning whales." Captain Cook found the «ame torm of head 

 oo^4ing worn bv the Indians of Nutka Sound, (bee Plate UA.) 

 Mr. Willoughby " describes the hats in tue Peabody Museum (1 late 



1.51) as follows: 



Thev are all in twined weaving, and are n^ade principally of ce.lar bark and grass 

 spire.." The cnntrnc-tion in double, an shown in the erosH section (hg^ loo) Lach 

 headpiece consists really of two hats, an inner and an outer . .ne, jonu.l at the i im, the 



Fig. 152. 



DETAIL OF NUTKA KaT. 

 After C. C. Willoughby, Peabody Museum. 



FIG. 153. 



(;ro,s,s skction of nctka hat. 



After f". C. Willoughby, Peabody Musueii 



last few pairs of twisted woof elements of the outer hat inclosing also the ends ot the 



wfrp of the inner. The inner hat, or lining, is c-oarsely but neatly woven ot ce.lar 



bark and onlv in one specimen is there a knob at the top of the ining correspond- 



Tng o that of the outer hat. Upon the underside at about 3 inches from the 



Z each warp element is doubled upon itself, forming a loop about hree-fourths ot 



Tin h long Through these loops is run a strong double cord of Indian iiemp. 



Theloops are bound together by twined weaving (fig. 152), and form an inner nm 



Idged "vhh the cord of hemp, which lits the head snugly. To this ,s tastened the 



thong which passes beneath the chin of the wearer. , i , ..,, m 



The exterior or outer hat is woven principally of grass spires and ce.lar Inuk. n 



most of the specimens a narrow strip below the knob is made of ^'- •;^'^^^^ ™f ^; 



The warp appears to be formed of split roots, and is tine and strong. The grass o 



the woof was originally an ivory white, the selected ce.lar bark use.l in conjunction 



with it being usually stained a dark brown or black. , . . ^ i 



' E;:h^raml of tl^ twisted pair of woof elements formhig the ^^^^^^^ 



of a grass spireoverlaym^^ 



a American Naturalist, XXXVII, 1903, pp. 65-68 



