440 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1902. 



in plain-twinecl weaving-. On the body of the wallets birds, beasts, and 

 men are wrought in grass or husks of corn in corners. 



Clatsops make flat mats and wallets of cat-tail rush. The latter, 

 wnth strap of grass and woolen to wear across the shoulders, are excel- 

 lent for carrj^ing tish. The}' also construct a sack in open-twined work 

 in roots. The line-twined small baskets in three colors are equal to any 

 in Oregon (Mrs. McArthur). 



THE CALIFORNIA-OREGON REGION 



The human hand is so beautifully formed, it has so fine a sensibility, that sensibility governs its 

 motions so eorrectly, every effort of the will is answered so instantly, as if the hand were the seat 

 of that will.— Sir Charles Bell. 



The California-Oreg'on basketry region has onh' one definite ])Ound- 

 ary, the hard coast of the Pacific; on other sides there is no sharp 

 ethnic limit. North, east, and south, it is full of turnstiles that 

 move in one direction only. Triljes from far away pushed through 

 them into this region, but if they had desired to turn their backs on 

 abundant game, lish, and vegetal foods, they would have been pre- 

 vented by the column in the rear. 



The ancient basket makers of this area knew nearly every type and 

 technical process of the art, both in weaving and coiling. They added 

 at least one new technical process, the tee weave. In ornamentation, 

 imbrication is wanting as well as false embroidery, but there is quite 

 enough else to make up the deficiency. Within the California-Oregon 

 area there are subareas, and the following list of linguistic families 

 will help to unravel the tangle: 



NORTHERN GROUP 



Athapascan family: Hupa, lower Trinity River and Wailaki, western slopes of the 

 Shasta Mountains. 



Chinuxrikan family: Trinity River. 



Copehan family: Wintun under many names, western drainage Sacramento River. 



Kalapooian familj': The Willamette Plains, western Oregon. 



Kulanapan family: Pomo, under many names, in Mendocino and Lake counties. 



Kusan family: Coos River and Bay, western Oregon. 



Lutuamian family: Klamath and Modoc, Upper Klamath Riveror Klamath Lake. 



Palaihnihan family: Pit Rivers; on Pit River to eastern boundary of the State. 



Pujunan family: Concow (Konkau), Maidu, Nockum (Naknm), western drainage 

 of the Sacramento River, south of Palaihnihan. 



Quoratean family: Ehnek, Karok, middle Klamath River. 



Sastean family: Shastas; middle northern Ijoundar}- of State. 



Takilman family: Lower Rogue River, Oregon. 



Weitspekan family: Yurok, Weitspek, Lower Klamath River. 



Wishoskan family: Wishosk, Eel River, and Ilundjolilt Bay. 



Yanan family: Nozis, north of Pujunan. 



Yukian family; Ashochimi, Chumaya, Napa, Tatu or I'otter A'alley, Yuki or Round 

 Valley, in Potter and Round valleys. « 



«For classification of these northern trihes on the concept of basketry, consult 

 Roland B. Dixon, Basketry Designs of the Indians of Northern California. Bulletin 

 of the American ]\Iuseum of Natural Ilistoi-y, XVII, pj). 1-32. 



